摘要:以豬后腿肉為試驗(yàn)材料,探討了遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助油炸對掛糊油炸豬肉片的水分、脂肪含量、表觀色澤和豬肉嫩度等食用品質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果表明,與普通熱傳導(dǎo)式油炸相比,遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助油炸掛糊豬肉片外殼水分含量隨油炸時(shí)間延長均勻下降,明度降低,紅度和黃度增加。當(dāng)油炸時(shí)間為210 s時(shí),遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助油炸產(chǎn)品外殼脂肪含量為16.39 g/(100 g),豬肉剪切力值為15.29 N,均低于普通熱傳導(dǎo)式油炸外殼脂肪含量17.35 g/(100 g)與剪切力16.74 N(P<0.05)。遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助油炸能促進(jìn)掛糊豬肉片呈色更好,降低脂肪含量,有助于油炸食品品質(zhì)的提高。
關(guān)鍵詞:遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助油炸;豬肉片;食用品質(zhì)
中圖分類號:TS201.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2014)02-0404-03
Effect of Far-infrared Assisted Frying on Edible Quality of Battered and
Fried Pork Slices
ZHANG Ling-wen1,2,E Zheng-bo1,JI Hong-fang1,YANG Ming-duo2,MA Han-jun1
(1.School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan,China;
2.Institute of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China)
Abstract: Effects of far-infrared assisted frying on the edible quality (moisture and oil content, surface color, and meat tender) of battered and fried pork slices were investigated using the lean pork hams as materials. Results showed that compared with the common frying, far-infrared assisted frying decreased product lightness (L*), increased redness (a*) and yellowness (b*). When the frying time was 210 s, the oil content of crusts treated with far-infrared assisted frying was 16.39 g/(100 g), much lower than that of the common frying[17.35 g/(100 g)](P<0.05). The shear value of meat treated with far-infrared assisted frying was 15.29 N, much lower than that of the common frying(16.74 N)(P<0.05), too. Far-infrared assisted frying promoted the change of color, reduced the oil content, and had a beneficial effect on characteristics during frying.
Key words: far-infrared assisted frying; pork slices; edible quality
油炸掛糊肉制品因具有色澤金黃、外酥里嫩的特點(diǎn),深受人們喜愛。糊的組成、油炸溫度、油炸時(shí)間及加熱方式等均會影響油炸掛糊類肉制品的品質(zhì)[1-5]。隨著人們生活水平的提高,低含油率和高食用品質(zhì)(外脆里嫩)的油炸食品引起了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注[6,7]。在課題組前期研究的基礎(chǔ)上[8,9],探討了遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助油炸對油炸掛糊豬肉片品質(zhì)的影響,旨在為推動傳統(tǒng)油炸掛糊類肉制品的工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)及獲得較高食用品質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品提供一定的理論依據(jù)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
豬后腿肉(河南雙匯集團(tuán));食鹽、香辛料、泡打粉、大豆油等(均購自新鄉(xiāng)市胖東來生活超市);面粉(高筋粉)(新鄉(xiāng)五得利面粉集團(tuán));馬鈴薯淀粉(山東金城股份有限公司);其他試劑均為國產(chǎn)分析純。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 工藝流程 工藝流程如下。
1.2.2 豬肉片制備 取豬后腿肉剔除筋膜,切成3.0 cm×2.0 cm×0.6 cm片后,加鹽腌制2 h,備用。
1.2.3 糊的制備 取面粉60 g、淀粉40 g、泡打粉1 g和食鹽1 g混合均勻,加水140 g調(diào)成糊,用攪拌機(jī)攪拌均勻,備用。
1.2.4 油炸工藝條件 將腌制好的肉片掛糊后,放入遠(yuǎn)紅外加熱的油炸鍋中,在(170±2) ℃油炸30~210 s,油炸后瀝油,冷卻至室溫。以普通油炸為對照,在熱傳導(dǎo)電炸爐中進(jìn)行。
1.2.5 各種指標(biāo)測定方法
1)水分含量。采用直接干燥法測定,按GB/T 9695.15—2008的方法進(jìn)行。
2)脂肪含量。采用索氏提取法測定,按GB/T 9695.1—2008的方法進(jìn)行。
2.3 遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助油炸對產(chǎn)品表觀色度的影響
2.4 遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助油炸對肉嫩度的影響
外脆里嫩是油炸掛糊肉制品的一大特點(diǎn),嫩是指肉的嫩度;剪切力越小,肉越嫩。隨著油炸時(shí)間的延長,肉的剪切力增加;當(dāng)油炸時(shí)間在30~120 s時(shí),兩種油炸方式對豬肉的剪切力影響不大;當(dāng)油炸時(shí)間在150~210 s時(shí),遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助油炸的豬肉剪切力小于普通油炸的豬肉剪切力(P<0.05)(圖6),當(dāng)油炸時(shí)間為210 s時(shí),遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助油炸的豬肉剪切力為15.29 N,低于普通油炸的16.74 N。
3 結(jié)論
不同油炸方式對掛糊油炸豬肉片的水分含量、脂肪含量、色澤和嫩度均有影響。與普通油炸相比,遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助油炸能夠降低吸油率,改善產(chǎn)品的表觀色度。將遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助加熱法應(yīng)用于掛糊油炸豬肉片的加工過程,對提高掛糊油炸豬肉片的食用品質(zhì)具有積極的意義。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1] ALTUNAKAR B, SAHIN S, SUMNU G. Functionality of batters containing different starch types for deep-fat frying of chicken nuggets[J]. European Food Research and Technology,2004,218(4):318-322.
[2] BAIXAULI R, SANZ T, SALVADOR A, et al. Effect of the addition of dextrin or dried egg on the rheological and textural properties of batters for fried foods[J]. Food Hydrocolloids,2003, 17: 305-310.
[3] CHEN S D, CHEN H H, CHAO Y C, et al. Effect of batter formula on qualities of deep-fat and microwave fried fish nuggets[J]. Journal of Food Engineering,2009,95(2):359-364.
[4] DAS R, PAWAR D P, MODI V K. Quality characteristics of battered and fried chicken: comparison of pressure frying and conventional frying[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology,2013,50(2):284-292.
[5] 范大明,嚴(yán) 青,陳 衛(wèi),等.遠(yuǎn)紅外油炸對雞肉品質(zhì)的影響[J].食品工業(yè)科技,2012(3):56-59.
[6] PRIMO-MART?魱N C. Cross-linking of wheat starch improves the crispness of deep-fried battered food[J]. Food Hydrocolloids,2012,28(1):53-58.
[7] PRIMO-MART N C, VAN D H. Deep-fat fried battered snacks prepared using super heated steam(SHS): crispness and low oil content[J]. Food Research International,2011,44:442-448.
[8] 楊銘鐸,劉 洋,張令文,等.蛋清糊物理特性及其對油炸豬肉片品質(zhì)的影響[J].肉類研究,2011,25(10):1-5.
[9] 張令文,楊銘鐸,計(jì)紅芳,等.淀粉對油炸掛糊豬肉片品質(zhì)的影響[J].食品工業(yè)科技,2013,34(8):114-117.
[10] 夏建新,王海濱,徐群英.肌肉嫩度儀與質(zhì)構(gòu)儀對燕麥復(fù)合火腿腸測定的比較研究[J].食品科學(xué),2010,31(3):145-149.
外脆里嫩是油炸掛糊肉制品的一大特點(diǎn),嫩是指肉的嫩度;剪切力越小,肉越嫩。隨著油炸時(shí)間的延長,肉的剪切力增加;當(dāng)油炸時(shí)間在30~120 s時(shí),兩種油炸方式對豬肉的剪切力影響不大;當(dāng)油炸時(shí)間在150~210 s時(shí),遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助油炸的豬肉剪切力小于普通油炸的豬肉剪切力(P<0.05)(圖6),當(dāng)油炸時(shí)間為210 s時(shí),遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助油炸的豬肉剪切力為15.29 N,低于普通油炸的16.74 N。
3 結(jié)論
不同油炸方式對掛糊油炸豬肉片的水分含量、脂肪含量、色澤和嫩度均有影響。與普通油炸相比,遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助油炸能夠降低吸油率,改善產(chǎn)品的表觀色度。將遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助加熱法應(yīng)用于掛糊油炸豬肉片的加工過程,對提高掛糊油炸豬肉片的食用品質(zhì)具有積極的意義。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1] ALTUNAKAR B, SAHIN S, SUMNU G. Functionality of batters containing different starch types for deep-fat frying of chicken nuggets[J]. European Food Research and Technology,2004,218(4):318-322.
[2] BAIXAULI R, SANZ T, SALVADOR A, et al. Effect of the addition of dextrin or dried egg on the rheological and textural properties of batters for fried foods[J]. Food Hydrocolloids,2003, 17: 305-310.
[3] CHEN S D, CHEN H H, CHAO Y C, et al. Effect of batter formula on qualities of deep-fat and microwave fried fish nuggets[J]. Journal of Food Engineering,2009,95(2):359-364.
[4] DAS R, PAWAR D P, MODI V K. Quality characteristics of battered and fried chicken: comparison of pressure frying and conventional frying[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology,2013,50(2):284-292.
[5] 范大明,嚴(yán) 青,陳 衛(wèi),等.遠(yuǎn)紅外油炸對雞肉品質(zhì)的影響[J].食品工業(yè)科技,2012(3):56-59.
[6] PRIMO-MART?魱N C. Cross-linking of wheat starch improves the crispness of deep-fried battered food[J]. Food Hydrocolloids,2012,28(1):53-58.
[7] PRIMO-MART N C, VAN D H. Deep-fat fried battered snacks prepared using super heated steam(SHS): crispness and low oil content[J]. Food Research International,2011,44:442-448.
[8] 楊銘鐸,劉 洋,張令文,等.蛋清糊物理特性及其對油炸豬肉片品質(zhì)的影響[J].肉類研究,2011,25(10):1-5.
[9] 張令文,楊銘鐸,計(jì)紅芳,等.淀粉對油炸掛糊豬肉片品質(zhì)的影響[J].食品工業(yè)科技,2013,34(8):114-117.
[10] 夏建新,王海濱,徐群英.肌肉嫩度儀與質(zhì)構(gòu)儀對燕麥復(fù)合火腿腸測定的比較研究[J].食品科學(xué),2010,31(3):145-149.
外脆里嫩是油炸掛糊肉制品的一大特點(diǎn),嫩是指肉的嫩度;剪切力越小,肉越嫩。隨著油炸時(shí)間的延長,肉的剪切力增加;當(dāng)油炸時(shí)間在30~120 s時(shí),兩種油炸方式對豬肉的剪切力影響不大;當(dāng)油炸時(shí)間在150~210 s時(shí),遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助油炸的豬肉剪切力小于普通油炸的豬肉剪切力(P<0.05)(圖6),當(dāng)油炸時(shí)間為210 s時(shí),遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助油炸的豬肉剪切力為15.29 N,低于普通油炸的16.74 N。
3 結(jié)論
不同油炸方式對掛糊油炸豬肉片的水分含量、脂肪含量、色澤和嫩度均有影響。與普通油炸相比,遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助油炸能夠降低吸油率,改善產(chǎn)品的表觀色度。將遠(yuǎn)紅外輔助加熱法應(yīng)用于掛糊油炸豬肉片的加工過程,對提高掛糊油炸豬肉片的食用品質(zhì)具有積極的意義。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1] ALTUNAKAR B, SAHIN S, SUMNU G. Functionality of batters containing different starch types for deep-fat frying of chicken nuggets[J]. European Food Research and Technology,2004,218(4):318-322.
[2] BAIXAULI R, SANZ T, SALVADOR A, et al. Effect of the addition of dextrin or dried egg on the rheological and textural properties of batters for fried foods[J]. Food Hydrocolloids,2003, 17: 305-310.
[3] CHEN S D, CHEN H H, CHAO Y C, et al. Effect of batter formula on qualities of deep-fat and microwave fried fish nuggets[J]. Journal of Food Engineering,2009,95(2):359-364.
[4] DAS R, PAWAR D P, MODI V K. Quality characteristics of battered and fried chicken: comparison of pressure frying and conventional frying[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology,2013,50(2):284-292.
[5] 范大明,嚴(yán) 青,陳 衛(wèi),等.遠(yuǎn)紅外油炸對雞肉品質(zhì)的影響[J].食品工業(yè)科技,2012(3):56-59.
[6] PRIMO-MART?魱N C. Cross-linking of wheat starch improves the crispness of deep-fried battered food[J]. Food Hydrocolloids,2012,28(1):53-58.
[7] PRIMO-MART N C, VAN D H. Deep-fat fried battered snacks prepared using super heated steam(SHS): crispness and low oil content[J]. Food Research International,2011,44:442-448.
[8] 楊銘鐸,劉 洋,張令文,等.蛋清糊物理特性及其對油炸豬肉片品質(zhì)的影響[J].肉類研究,2011,25(10):1-5.
[9] 張令文,楊銘鐸,計(jì)紅芳,等.淀粉對油炸掛糊豬肉片品質(zhì)的影響[J].食品工業(yè)科技,2013,34(8):114-117.
[10] 夏建新,王海濱,徐群英.肌肉嫩度儀與質(zhì)構(gòu)儀對燕麥復(fù)合火腿腸測定的比較研究[J].食品科學(xué),2010,31(3):145-149.