李紅建胡毅
尿酸與女性冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心臟病患者關(guān)系的探討
李紅建①胡毅①
目的:探討血清尿酸水平與女性冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心臟?。ü谛牟。┑年P(guān)系。方法:回顧性分析125例疑診為冠心病的女性患者的臨床資料,按照冠狀動(dòng)脈造影的結(jié)果分為非冠心病組72例和冠心病組53例,用磷鎢酸還原法檢測(cè)血清尿酸水平,比較兩組患者的一般資料和尿酸水平,并應(yīng)用多元回歸的方法分析血清尿酸水平與女性冠心病的關(guān)系。結(jié)果:非冠心病組和冠心病組的年齡分別為(55.0±8.9)歲、(63.5±7.6)歲,收縮壓分別為(124.6±15.7)mm Hg、(133.5±18.9)mm Hg,血清尿酸水平分別為(238.5±60.5)μmol/L、(293.0±98.9)μmol/L。冠心病組的年齡、收縮壓及血清尿酸水平較非冠心病組均明顯增高(P<0.01);Logistic回歸顯示:除年齡、收縮壓外,血清尿酸水平升高也增加女性患冠心病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(β=0.01,P<0.01)。結(jié)論:血清尿酸水平增高是女性冠心病的危險(xiǎn)因素,女性冠心病患者要注意監(jiān)測(cè)血清尿酸水平,必要時(shí)可給予相應(yīng)的干預(yù)措施。
冠狀動(dòng)脈硬化性心臟?。?尿酸; 女性; 冠狀動(dòng)脈造影
眾所周知,高血壓、高血脂、高年齡、肥胖、糖尿病等是冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心臟?。ü谛牟。┑闹饕kU(xiǎn)因素,積極干預(yù)冠心病的危險(xiǎn)因素有助于降低冠心病的死亡率。既往已有多個(gè)研究顯示,尿酸可能參與冠心病、高血壓、腦卒中及2型糖尿病大血管病變的發(fā)生[1-4]。而Tuttle等[5]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),尿酸不僅與冠心病的發(fā)生有著密切的聯(lián)系,且可能存在性別差異。本文通過(guò)回顧性地分析125例疑診為冠心病患者的臨床資料,探討尿酸與女性冠心病的關(guān)系。
1.1 一般資料 選取2013年1-6月因胸痛在本院心內(nèi)科住院行冠狀動(dòng)脈造影的女性患者125例的臨床資料,排除嚴(yán)重肝、腎功能不全、腫瘤、血液系統(tǒng)疾病、痛風(fēng)、甲狀腺疾病等,按冠狀動(dòng)脈造影結(jié)果分為兩組,其中冠心病組53例,平均年齡(63.5±7.6)歲,非冠心病組72例,平均年齡(55.0±8.9)歲。
1.2 冠心病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 冠狀動(dòng)脈造影顯示左主干、左前降支、左回旋支、右冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄大于或等于50%,和/或其一級(jí)分支狹窄大于或等于70%[6]。
1.3 方法 所有患者均在入院測(cè)量血壓、身高、體重,用體重/身高2計(jì)算體重指數(shù)(kg/m2)。抽取空腹靜脈血,使用Beckman生化儀檢測(cè)腎功、膽固醇、甘油三酯、血糖等生化指標(biāo),用磷鎢酸還原法檢測(cè)血清尿酸水平。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 所有數(shù)據(jù)均采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件分析,計(jì)量資料符合正態(tài)分布者以表示,正態(tài)分布或經(jīng)對(duì)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換后呈正態(tài)分布的變量組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),多因素分析采用多元逐步回歸分析,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩組一般資料和生化指標(biāo)的比較 兩組的體重指數(shù)、舒張壓、肌酐、血糖、血脂均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),而冠心病組的年齡、收縮壓、尿酸均明顯高于非冠心病組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),見表1。
表1 兩組一般資料和生化指標(biāo)的比較(±s)
表1 兩組一般資料和生化指標(biāo)的比較(±s)
組別 年齡(歲) BMI(kg/m2) SBP(mm Hg) DBP(mm Hg) 肌酐(μmol/L)非冠心病組(n=72) 55.0±8.9 24.3±2.8 124.6±15.7 78.7±10.3 75.1±12.0冠心病組(n=53) 63.5±7.6 25.3±3.2 133.5±18.9 77.0±9.8 75.9±12.0 t值 -5.634 -1.747 -2.872 0.91 -0.343 P值 <0.001 0.083 0.005 0.305 0.732
2.2 女性冠心病患者危險(xiǎn)因素的Logistic回歸分析 以年齡、體重指數(shù)、血壓、肌酐、血糖、血脂、尿酸為自變量,以冠心?。ㄓ?1,無(wú)=0)為因變量進(jìn)行多元Logistic回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示:年齡、收縮壓及尿酸為冠心病的危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.01),見表2。
續(xù)表1
表2 冠心病危險(xiǎn)因素的多元回歸分析
隨著人民的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)和生活工作方式的改變,我國(guó)冠心病的發(fā)病率日漸增高,現(xiàn)今冠心病已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)成人心臟病死亡的首要病因。近年由于對(duì)冠心病的危險(xiǎn)因素進(jìn)行積極干預(yù),男性冠心病的死亡率已經(jīng)呈下降趨勢(shì),但女性冠心病的死亡率卻有所增加,因而目前女性冠心病的危險(xiǎn)因素及其相關(guān)研究日漸受到關(guān)注。近年有學(xué)者分析了高尿酸血癥與青年女性冠心病發(fā)病的關(guān)系,結(jié)果顯示,高尿酸血癥是青年女性冠心病的獨(dú)立相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素[7]。本研究以53例冠心病和72例非冠心病女性患者作為研究對(duì)象,探討了尿酸與女性冠心病的關(guān)系,結(jié)果顯示,冠心病組患者血清尿酸水平明顯升高,進(jìn)一步的Logistic回歸分析顯示,血清尿酸水平增高是女性冠心病的危險(xiǎn)因素。
尿酸是嘌呤代謝的終產(chǎn)物,其生成增多和排泄較少均可導(dǎo)致機(jī)體尿酸增高。高尿酸在女性冠心病的發(fā)病機(jī)制尚不清楚。有研究顯示,血尿酸增高可激活局部腎素-血管緊張素系統(tǒng),抑制內(nèi)皮一氧化氮生成,誘導(dǎo)內(nèi)皮功能失調(diào),同時(shí)可激活可溶性尿酸誘導(dǎo)炎癥通路,導(dǎo)致血管平滑肌細(xì)胞肥厚[8-10]。另外,血尿酸增高還可促進(jìn)氧自由基生成增加。氧自由基可使低密度脂蛋白過(guò)氧化、損傷內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞、促進(jìn)血管平滑肌及內(nèi)膜增生、內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞脫落和血小板黏附等[11]。上述效應(yīng)可能是高尿酸增加女性患冠心病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的原因,但具體機(jī)制仍需進(jìn)一步研究闡明。
尿酸不僅增加心血管疾病的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn),還對(duì)心血管疾病的預(yù)后有一定的預(yù)測(cè)作用。近年來(lái),Strasak等[12]報(bào)道血清尿酸是急性、亞急性和慢性老年絕經(jīng)期女性冠心病以及中風(fēng)的主要死亡原因的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因子。隨后Ndrepepa等[13]研究顯示,較高的尿酸濃度可增加經(jīng)皮冠脈介入治療的急性冠脈綜合征患者的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。新近一項(xiàng)前瞻性的觀察性的隊(duì)列研究結(jié)果表明,血尿酸可能是高危阻塞性冠狀動(dòng)脈疾病患者死亡的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因子[14]。
尿酸在心血管疾病中的作用日漸突顯,新近有研究顯示,檢測(cè)冠心病患者血清尿酸水平對(duì)其病情監(jiān)控及發(fā)病機(jī)制的研究具有重要的臨床意義[15]。而本研究結(jié)果表明血清尿酸水平升高增加女性患冠心病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),因此女性冠心病患者更要注意監(jiān)測(cè)血清尿酸水平,必要時(shí)可給予相應(yīng)的干預(yù)措施。
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Investigation of Relationship between Serum Uric Acid Levels and Coronary Heart Disease in Women
LI Hong-jian,HU Yi.//Medical Innovation of China,2014,11(24):048-050
Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid levels and coronary heart disease (CHD) in women.Method:The clinical data of 125 women patients with suspected CHD who suspected coronary heart disease were retrospectively analyzed in the study.The patients were divided into two groups according to the results of coronary angiography,72 cases in the no-CHD group and 53 cases in the CHD group.The serum uric acid levels wasdetected by the phosphotungstic acid reduction method.The general information and uric acid levels were compared between the two groups.The multiple regression analysis was used for investigating the relationship between serum uric acid levels and CHD in women.Result:The age were (55.0±8.9)years old,(63.5±7.6)years old,systolic blood pressure were (124.6±15.7)mm Hg,(133.5±18.9)mm Hg,serum uric acid levels in the non-CHD and the CHD group were (238.5±60.5)μmol/L,(293.0±98.9)μmol/L respectively.The age,systolic blood pressure and serum uric acid levels in patients with the CHD group were significantly higher than those of the non-CHD group(P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the higher serum uric acid levels as well as the age and systolic blood pressure increased the risk of CHD in women(β=0.01,P<0.01).Conclusion:The higher serum uric acid levels is a risk factor for the patients with CHD in women and these patients should pay attention to monitoring serum uric acid levels.
Coronary heart disease; Uric acid; Women; Coronary angiography
10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2014.24.016
2014-04-25) (本文編輯:歐麗)
①新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)第五附屬醫(yī)院 新疆 烏魯木齊 830011
李紅建
First-author’s address:The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830011,China