I食堂，朱拉隆功大學(xué)，曼谷，泰國(guó)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工作室

I食堂，朱拉隆功大學(xué)，曼谷，泰國(guó)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工作室

1 外景/External view

2010年，朱拉隆功大學(xué)工程學(xué)院舉辦了一次公開(kāi)競(jìng)賽，希望設(shè)計(jì)一座新的學(xué)院食堂以取代臨時(shí)設(shè)施。項(xiàng)目選址位于兩座不同時(shí)代歷史建筑之間的密集區(qū)。項(xiàng)目一邊正對(duì)著一座有著精美混凝土裝飾的現(xiàn)代泰式建筑——校友禮堂的主立面，另一邊與4層高的學(xué)院大樓側(cè)面相鄰，立面開(kāi)窗呈現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的重復(fù)性構(gòu)圖。項(xiàng)目選址處于校園特有區(qū)域的不可調(diào)和的混雜語(yǔ)境中。

在熱帶氣候影響下，建筑體量應(yīng)功能布局要求呈現(xiàn)出兩部分的組合：堅(jiān)實(shí)、堡壘似的實(shí)體部分和輕盈、透明的部分。實(shí)體部分容納了10間獨(dú)立的食品店和首層的主樓梯。二層是另外兩間食品店、空調(diào)獨(dú)立就餐區(qū)和服務(wù)區(qū)。朝東的立面上，柵格窗發(fā)揮了重要的遮陽(yáng)作用。廚房的管道系統(tǒng)和雨水管巧妙地完全隱藏在東面的墻體內(nèi)。如此設(shè)計(jì)形成了功能復(fù)合的墻體，并有助于為空調(diào)房間形成遮陽(yáng)。由于防火要求，這部分建筑由鋼筋混凝土框架和砌體墻建造完成。

相比之下，建筑的另一部分——主餐廳通過(guò)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)呈現(xiàn)出輕盈、透明的觀感。帶透明百葉的鋸齒狀屋面天窗提供了自然通風(fēng)和采光。這也標(biāo)示了其建筑功能的衛(wèi)生要求?，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)組裝的兩組近5m高的平面鋼桁架，提升起來(lái)在建筑一角形成一層樓高的三角形懸挑，如此形成了一個(gè)雙層的餐廳和一個(gè)懸挑夾層。雨棚般的懸挑夾層下形成了主要的半室外空間，是整座建筑的點(diǎn)睛之筆。它在這個(gè)區(qū)域中展現(xiàn)出優(yōu)雅的建筑品質(zhì)，不僅提供了食堂的入口和可選座席，而且成為通往校友紀(jì)念堂和學(xué)院主廣場(chǎng)的便捷的聯(lián)絡(luò)通道。

設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的使用讓建筑呈現(xiàn)出獨(dú)有的特色：寬敞的大廳、戲劇化的懸挑夾層、準(zhǔn)無(wú)柱的半室外空間等等。結(jié)構(gòu)特性使得建造過(guò)程中諸多復(fù)雜問(wèn)題得以簡(jiǎn)化，比如，緊湊的建設(shè)場(chǎng)地、歷史環(huán)境的保護(hù)、建造的精確性和建造效率?！酰ㄍ蹙?譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶(hù)/Client: 朱拉隆功大學(xué)工程系/Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 750m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 1128m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2010

攝影/Photos: Piyawut Srisakul

In 2010, the Faculty of Engineering, at Chulalongkorn University announced an open competition to design a new faculty canteen to replace their earlier temporary one. The site is located in a dense area between two historical buildings of different eras. One side faces the main facade of the Alumni Hall, a contemporary Thai building with delicate concrete ornaments. The other side of the building is flanked by the main fourstorey faculty building. The new Canteen Building site was in an uncompromising and heterogeneous context in one of the privileged quarters of the campus.

In response to the tropical climate, the building volume is broken into two parts: a solid fortresslike one and a light transparent one. The solid part accommodates ten individual food parlors and the main stair on the ground floor. On the upper floor are another two food parlors with air-conditioned dividable dining spaces and service compartments. At the east facing facade, slot windows play an important role in sun shading. The ductwork from the kitchens and the rainwater drainage pipes are cleverly and completely concealed inside the wall on the east side. When this adds depth to the wall, it also helps create sun shading for the air-conditioned room. For fire protection reasons, this part of the building is built with a reinforced concrete skeleton frame and masonry walls.

In contrast to the main dining hall, the second part of the building is about lightness and transparency and is built using a steel structure. Its saw tooth roof with transparent louvers provides both natural ventilation and light. It also symbolizes the hygienic practices of the function it encloses. Two site assembled steel plane trusses approximately five meter high are connected perpendicularly to create a room-height, triangular elevated building corner, forming a double height dining hall with an overhanging mezzanine. A semi-outdoor volume, a canopy to be precise, is also by this mezzanine and is the focus of the whole building ensemble. It imparts a graceful architectural quality to the area, providing not only an entrance to and optional seating for the canteen, but also an elegant approach to the alumni hall as well as a proper linkage to the faculty's main square.

During the design process, the steel structure determined the architectural expression of the building: a wide span hall, a dramatically cantilevered mezzanine, a semi outdoor volume, et cetera. Such a structure minimized complications during construction. □

2 半室外三角形空間，通往學(xué)院主廣場(chǎng)、原有建筑和主入口/ Covered triangular space as linkage of faculty main square, existing buildings and main entrance

3 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

4 二層平面/Floor 1 plan

評(píng)論

張路峰：這是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單而直率、樸素而實(shí)用的設(shè)計(jì)。建筑師通過(guò)底層局部架空的處理，回應(yīng)了場(chǎng)地局促的問(wèn)題。架空所形成的廊下空間，不但提供了入口雨篷和室外就餐、休息的場(chǎng)所，也緩解了新建筑與相鄰兩個(gè)老建筑在空間上的緊張關(guān)系。二層局部采用巨型桁架結(jié)構(gòu)，為的是最大限度地減少下部結(jié)構(gòu)支撐點(diǎn)，使得廊下空間獲得了近乎無(wú)柱的空透效果。

趙揚(yáng)：這個(gè)建筑對(duì)待空間布局、結(jié)構(gòu)形式、材料選用以及細(xì)部的態(tài)度都很像OMA早期的作品。很遺憾，沒(méi)有選擇表現(xiàn)這個(gè)建筑使用狀態(tài)的照片，尤其是那個(gè)半室外的梯形空間，像是把泰國(guó)街頭大排檔的場(chǎng)景直接移植到這個(gè)氣質(zhì)有些斯文的校園，和旁邊矜持內(nèi)斂的老建筑形成鮮明的對(duì)比。建筑采取透明而輕盈的姿態(tài)來(lái)適應(yīng)這個(gè)有些擁擠的地段。大學(xué)食堂這種獨(dú)特的集體就餐模式在這里具有了戲劇性和強(qiáng)烈的場(chǎng)所感。

5 西立面/West Elevation

1-入口/Entrance

2-半室外空間/Covered space

3-餐廳/Dining hall

4-食品店/Food parlour

5-備餐間/Servery

6-洗滌區(qū)/Washing area

6 帶夾層的餐廳/Dining hall with mezzanine

Comments

ZHANG Lufeng: This is a simple, straightforward, and practical design. The architect responds to the cramped sight with creation of a semi-outdoor space beneath the volume of the building. This canopy space not only provides an entry porch, outdoor dining and a recreation area it also eases the tension between this new building and two adjacent existing buildings. The first floor is composed of a massive truss structure designed to minimize the presence of piers in the canopy space below. They make it transparent and column-free. ZHAO Yang: This building is much like the early works of OMA in terms of its spatial layout, structural form, material selection and attitude to details. Unfortunately, the photographs do not choose to reveal the actual function of this building, especially in the indoor/outdoor trapezoidal space. It looks as if Thai outdoor food stalls have been directly transplanted into this gentle campus. This is an enormous contrast to the modest existing buildings nearby. The building is transparent and light attitude on the somewhat crowded site. The university cafeteria program, a place where dining takes place collectively, creates a dramatic and strong sense of place.

I-CANTEEN, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2012

Architects: normalstudio