曼谷大學(xué)國際學(xué)院和美術(shù)館，曼谷，泰國

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：Office AT有限公司

曼谷大學(xué)國際學(xué)院和美術(shù)館，曼谷，泰國

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：Office AT有限公司

1 從停車場(chǎng)看建筑/View from parking

曼谷大學(xué)國際學(xué)院和美術(shù)館（BUIC & BUG）項(xiàng)目的最初構(gòu)想是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)匯聚多元文化、生活方式以及社會(huì)活動(dòng)的當(dāng)代美術(shù)館。在研究了大學(xué)的總體規(guī)劃之后，校園的活動(dòng)軸線被作為設(shè)計(jì)要考慮的主要因素。在軸線的一端，三角形的項(xiàng)目地塊與城市主路相連。為了延續(xù)校園軸線上的所有活動(dòng)，令學(xué)校更具活力，設(shè)計(jì)師決定將活動(dòng)軸線延伸到新建筑的內(nèi)部并穿過建筑直至校外。

新建筑體塊簡(jiǎn)潔而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)匮刂?guī)劃允許的用地范圍布置，從而獲得建筑體量的最大化。建筑面積超過3000m2，共6層。在建筑的首層，沿著活動(dòng)軸線辟出一些露空體量，這將創(chuàng)造一個(gè)通往大學(xué)的新通道，而一層的洞口則成為校園新的門戶。在新的活動(dòng)軸線入口上方的二、三層還有嵌入建筑的另一個(gè)大洞口。這是一個(gè)全新的靈活空間，洞口不能用于穿行，卻為校園內(nèi)外提供了穿透的視覺通廊。在這一空間中，人們可以因循活動(dòng)軸線眺望整個(gè)校園，也可以向外環(huán)顧大學(xué)周邊環(huán)境?？梢哉f這里是校園內(nèi)外的過渡空間，也是校園內(nèi)外景觀之間的連結(jié)區(qū)域。并且，它將在二、三層建立一種視覺連通，并與建筑一層順應(yīng)相連。

這座建筑最精彩的部分叫做“活動(dòng)階梯”，它位于二、三層的透視洞口之間。它被賦予靈活機(jī)動(dòng)的使用功能，可舉辦不同活動(dòng)，藝術(shù)展示和其他用途的傳統(tǒng)差異在這里被模糊了。這個(gè)空間將沿軸線展開的活動(dòng)延續(xù)進(jìn)來。平日這里可作為通道使用，或也安放一些藝術(shù)裝置，而在美術(shù)館開放日，這里則用作接待廳或者舉辦特別活動(dòng)的劇場(chǎng)等等。

這是一個(gè)混合用途建筑，主要由兩部分構(gòu)成：國際學(xué)院和美術(shù)館。將國際學(xué)院的生活方式、多樣活動(dòng)、多元文化與當(dāng)代美術(shù)館結(jié)合設(shè)計(jì)，建筑為原本就熱鬧的城市校園注入了更多的活力。美術(shù)館的功能設(shè)置包括一層的咖啡廳、書店，二層的美術(shù)館辦公室，以及位于二層和四層的藝術(shù)展示空間；國際學(xué)院的辦公室位于建筑的三、四層，五層是學(xué)生休息室，建筑六層則容納了一個(gè)80座教室和96座的禮堂。

整座建筑的墻體材料也根據(jù)其功能變化多樣。美術(shù)館的大部分外墻采用了裸露的預(yù)制混凝土板，通道部分覆以鋁制蓋板。而整個(gè)國際學(xué)院部分的外墻則采用透明玻璃與鋁翅片，并與美術(shù)館的混凝土板相連鎖。建筑6層外包一圈磨砂玻璃。大學(xué)與校外之間的銜接區(qū)域則覆以穿孔鋁板?！酰L 譯）

The project, the Bangkok University International College and Art Gallery (BUIC & BUG), started with an idea about creating a contemporary art gallery that would exist in conjunction with cultural and lifestyle activities. Analysis of the University's master plan made the activities axis a main factor of consideration. At one end of this axis, connected to the main road, was the triangle-shaped piece of land that became the site of the project. To continue all the activities of the main axis and make the university more dynamic, the designers decided to continue the activities axis into and through the new building to the city beyond.

Simply and strictly following the permitted zoning envelope to create the maximum allowable volume, the new building was built to over 3000m2and 6 floors. Carving out some of this volume at the ground floor along the axis created a new access to the university-the hole created on the ground floor became a new gateway to the campus. On the first and second level above the new activities axis entrance, another big hole-a new multi-purpose spacepenetrates the building. This hole creates a view corridor between off-campus areas and the University outside and vise versa. From this space, users can view all of the campus along the activities axis and also look beyond the school to its Bangkok context. This space is between outside and inside, one that links exterior and interior views. Furthermore, it creates a visual connection on the first and second floors and a physical connection on the ground floor.

The highlight of the building is the Event Stair, created between the visible hole on the second and third floors. It is functionally flexible, accommodates the challenge of different activities and changing events and eliminates the traditional distinction between gallery and other programs. It is a space that continues activities from the activities axis. On a regular day it can be used as circulation or a space for installing art pieces. For a gallery opening, it can be a reception hall or special even podium and so on.

The new building is a mixed use design composed of two main programs: international college and art gallery. Designed as a contemporary art gallery together with a mix of lifestyle activities and serving the mixing cultures of the University's International College, this building adds energy to the already lively City Campus. The Art Gallery programs include a café and bookstore on the ground floor, a gallery office on the first, and the gallery's main programs on the first and third floor. International College programs are located on the second and third floors with a student lounge on the forth and an 80-seat lecture room and 96-seat auditorium on the fifth.

A variety of materials were used in the building. Most of the Art Gallery's exterior walls are of exposed precast concrete panels and with circulation marked with aluminum cladding. All international college programs are housed behind clear glass with aluminum fins-a system that engages the with the gallery's concrete panels. The fifth floor is clad with frosted glass. The "hole" connecting the University to the city is clad with perforated aluminum.□

2 總平面/Site plan

3 剖面/Section

4 從城市主路看建筑外立面/View from main roads

5 位于三層的“活動(dòng)大廳”/Event hall on the 2ndfloor

評(píng)論

郝琳：泰的現(xiàn)代訴求

曼大國際學(xué)院與藝?yán)?，功用和體量清晰；穿越的布局、外露式的二層劇場(chǎng)，以及貫通的室外廣場(chǎng)空間的設(shè)計(jì)，既有現(xiàn)代大學(xué)的莊重，也有校園的透明度，同時(shí)也促進(jìn)了坊間的自然通風(fēng)，并激發(fā)學(xué)生的社群活動(dòng)。這樣的高質(zhì)量建筑，在當(dāng)代的泰國，出現(xiàn)得愈來愈多，運(yùn)用的手法也頗為順暢。不論個(gè)中的語素精煉與否，我認(rèn)為，它們同屬于泰當(dāng)下的現(xiàn)代風(fēng)格。泰國的當(dāng)代建筑，無論如何，當(dāng)脫離了族群工藝和氣候形成的文化脈絡(luò)與處理方法后，確顯迷失。這樣的建筑，反映著作為發(fā)展中國家的泰國渴望與自信的方向——籍由現(xiàn)代主義的建筑，展現(xiàn)邁向亞洲先進(jìn)國家和教育的姿態(tài)。但是，隱約的類似邁耶式的成熟建筑語匯，雖具有可贊許的光影、形式和都市設(shè)計(jì)要素，在利落之余，對(duì)于連接泰國豐富的歷史建造、氣候調(diào)控形成的異國裝飾、幾乎人人具有的手工藝傳統(tǒng)、以及豐富的都市空間景觀層次，到底有什么樣的意義呢？亞洲的建筑和思考的方向，除了精益求精的質(zhì)量和現(xiàn)代化的意向，又有何獨(dú)特的現(xiàn)代性見解呢？是否到了反思何謂“當(dāng)代泰的識(shí)別性”的時(shí)候了？在從未被西方人殖民過的泰，這樣的思考和反射，恐怕對(duì)于培育年輕一代的校園，尤為重要。

李燁：矛盾的現(xiàn)代主義

房子對(duì)待城市的態(tài)度是值得肯定的，設(shè)計(jì)者樸素直接地運(yùn)用了平面和剖面形式表達(dá)對(duì)城市的回應(yīng)，房子開口的策略也的確貢獻(xiàn)到了城市空間品質(zhì)中。但有一點(diǎn)比較遺憾的是，除了這一點(diǎn)我們沒有看到更多建筑師對(duì)曼谷大學(xué)國際學(xué)院和美術(shù)館的功能和使用的創(chuàng)新的思考。我們感受到建筑師的初衷是努力為使用者創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)活躍的遇見和交流的空間，但材料和空間的尺度卻傳遞出一種嚴(yán)肅和缺少人情味，這一點(diǎn)是這個(gè)房子中最大的矛盾。

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 曼谷大學(xué)/Bangkok University

室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)/Interior Designers: Office AT Co., Ltd.

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 1032m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 3641m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2004

攝影/Photos: Wison Tungthunya

6 “活動(dòng)階梯”/"Event stair"

Comments

HAO Lin: A Road to Thai Modern

The Grand Cayman International School and Gallery has a clear program-related massing. Its open lane circulation, exposed elevated theater and associated outdoor plaza reflect the nature of a modern university. It provides openness for the campus, promotes natural ventilation and encourages a spirit of inclusiveness. Such high-quality buildings, executed in a skilled design language, are being seen more and more in the modern Thailand. Whether the design is sophisticated or not, such projects exhibit the current Thai drive to pursue modernism. But when modern Thai architecture becomes detached from its local craftsmanship, cultural heritage and climaterelated traditions it loses its identity. This building, no doubt represents Thailand's growing aspirations and confidence as a developing country en route to a modern educational system and twenty-first-century identity. The building utilizes a Richard Meier-esque design vocabulary and its form, choreography of light and shadow and city-scale design moves are worth praise. But what does the building mean in relation to the rich architectural history of Thailand, its tradition of exotic decoration influenced by climate, its craftsmanship or its rich habit of urban and landscape layers? This new modernity is of high quality but does it offer a unique perspective on the modern-thought or architecture-in Asia? Isn't this the time to reflect on the identity of modern Thai? Thailand, as the only country in Southeast Asia never to be colonized by a Western power, is an important place for this kind of reflection on modernity, a conversation particularly important for the nurturing of the new generations ofThais on campus.

LI Ye: Contradictory Modernism

The building's attitude to its urban context appears successful: the open breezy ground floor plan and section have a nice spatial quality and respond well to the building's environment. But these gestures are the strongest thing about the project and there is little evidence here of creative thinking about the program of a college + gallery in such a context. There seems to be a basic contradiction between the strict cold materiality and scale of the building and the architect's ambition of creating vivid spaces for meetings and communication.

Bangkok University International College and Art Gallery (BUIC & BUG), Bangkok,Thailand, 2006

Architects: Office AT Co., Ltd.