因陀般若佛學(xué)檔案館，曼谷，泰國(guó)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：阿什拉姆社區(qū)與環(huán)境建筑師研修所，阿頌·信藝術(shù)研究院

因陀般若佛學(xué)檔案館，曼谷，泰國(guó)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：阿什拉姆社區(qū)與環(huán)境建筑師研修所，阿頌·信藝術(shù)研究院

1 建筑水景/Waterscape dominates architecture

因陀般若佛學(xué)檔案館（BIA） ，也被稱為“曼谷解脫自在園”，該場(chǎng)所用于傳承偉大的法師——佛使比丘尊者的文化遺產(chǎn)。建造BIA的目的是為了收集、保存、保護(hù)、研究以及傳播佛使因陀般若的著作。出于對(duì)佛使比丘的尊重和信仰之情，建筑團(tuán)隊(duì)志愿參與設(shè)計(jì)并且積極推動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的進(jìn)展。最初的設(shè)想只是建造一個(gè)用于存儲(chǔ)文檔的地方，但是建筑師們一致認(rèn)為這座建筑的用途可以提高一個(gè)層次：作為一個(gè)幫助人們學(xué)習(xí)理解佛法場(chǎng)所。于是，BIA被建造成為一個(gè)當(dāng)代佛法的學(xué)習(xí)與教育娛樂(lè)中心，可以方便地開(kāi)展講壇、冥想、論道、展覽等佛學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)與交流活動(dòng)。佛使比丘尊者的宏偉意愿是向國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)社會(huì)廣泛弘揚(yáng)佛法，不論當(dāng)?shù)氐淖诮绦叛鰹楹?。他是偉大的信徒，信仰不同宗教間的對(duì)話與所有宗教的合法性。

BIA是少數(shù)真正成功的后現(xiàn)代主義建筑之一,建筑位于蘇安·瓦齊拉·本恰特公園的北端，部分建造在一個(gè)大池塘之上。在建筑中部，有一個(gè)巨大的半圓形露天大廳或稱之為“泰屯”（傳統(tǒng)泰式建筑的一種底層空間），放置著一些石雕，闡釋了通往佛法（真理）的路徑。在二樓，有一間寬敞的教室以及一個(gè)大的冥想室，提供一種“涅槃體驗(yàn)”。

多功能庭園的設(shè)計(jì)受到了位于蘇拉塔尼府猜耶縣的解脫自在園庭園原型的啟發(fā)。庭園的主要特征是一面圓弧形的墻體，墻體中央供奉了一尊觀世音菩薩雕像，周圍環(huán)繞著以佛教故事為題材的淺浮雕石刻。這樣一座現(xiàn)代禪園也表達(dá)出了佛法本質(zhì)上是在傳達(dá)生命深層意義的概念。知識(shí)以及諸多佛使比丘的核心教義就暗藏在禪園的景觀元素之中，諸如卵石、石塊、草植之類的自然材料與有著原始質(zhì)樸表皮的鑄鐵、銹鐵、清水混凝土以及木材等建筑材料相結(jié)合，共同構(gòu)成了庭園的整個(gè)概念設(shè)計(jì)。

這座當(dāng)代熱帶建筑的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)是與自然環(huán)境和諧共生，遵循自然的力量，讓人類的精神得以升華。經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)猜耶縣解脫自在園所蘊(yùn)含的基本要義的解讀詮釋，建筑師在設(shè)計(jì)中引入了一些光影技巧，通過(guò)采用通風(fēng)砌塊以及各種自然材料的組合使用，為建筑的每個(gè)區(qū)域營(yíng)造出整潔、質(zhì)樸、簡(jiǎn)單的空間氛圍。這里池水漣漪、樹(shù)影婆娑，水景成為建筑的主導(dǎo)，自然通風(fēng)被引入建筑之中，節(jié)約能源的同時(shí)也為使用者和室內(nèi)空間創(chuàng)造了舒適愜意的自然通風(fēng)區(qū)域。事實(shí)上，這是一處宗教靜修之所，設(shè)計(jì)所帶來(lái)的寧?kù)o平和有利于人們進(jìn)行冥想體驗(yàn)。

該項(xiàng)目的成功來(lái)自多方真誠(chéng)的合作和公眾參與式的設(shè)計(jì)方法。下至普通的公園游客，上至土地的所有者——泰國(guó)國(guó)家鐵路聯(lián)盟成員，都積極參與到設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中。他們的意見(jiàn)被聽(tīng)??；一些其他方面的看法也被納入設(shè)計(jì)的考慮范圍。例如，現(xiàn)在建筑的選址就是經(jīng)過(guò)慎重考慮后所采納的對(duì)公園生態(tài)影響最小的決定之一。因陀般若佛學(xué)檔案館，也因此真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了服務(wù)于公眾的承諾。□（覃鶯 譯）

The Buddhadasa Indapanno Archives (BIA), also known as "Suan Mokkh Bangkok" is dedicated to the heritage of the great Dharma teacher, the Venerable Buddhadasa Bhikkhu. The Foundation aims to use the BIA for gathering, preserving, studying and propagating the works of Buddhadasa Indapanno.The architectural team approached this project in a spirit of faith and respect for Buddhadasa Bhikkhu, providing their design and administrative services on a pro bono basis. At first, the idea was to merely build document storage, but it was agreed that a higher purpose could be served if the archives were seen as a house that helped people understand Buddha's teachings. As a result, the BIA was established as a contemporary Dharma Learning and Edutainment Center facilitating lectures, meditation classes, discussions, exhibitions etc. The Venerable Buddhadasa Bhikkhu's glorious intention was to spread the Dharma to society-domestic and international-regardless of their religious beliefs. He was a great believer in interfaith dialog and the validity of all religions.

The BIA building is one of the few truly successful post-modernist buildings. It sits partially over a large pond at the far northern end of Suan Wachira Benchathat Park. In the middle, there is a large semi-circular outdoor hall or "Tai-Tun" (the underneath space of a traditional Thai house) with several stone carvings illustrating the path to Dharma (Truth). The first floor holds a spacious classroom as well as a large meditation room offering a "Taste of Nibanna".

The multipurpose courtyard is inspired by the original court at Suan Mokkh Chaiya in Surat Thani province. The key feature is a curved wall with a statue of the Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva at the center of the wall, surrounded by Buddhist story low relief stone carvings. A modern Zen garden also implements the concept that Dhamma in nature conveys deep meanings of life. Hidden in landscape elements under the shady Zen garden is knowledge and many of Buddhadasa Bhikkhu's core teachings. Natural materials such as pebbles, stones, grasses combined with raw rustic surfaces like iron, rusted iron, bare concrete, and wood pull the whole concept together.

This contemporary tropical architecture is designed to be in harmony with the natural environment, allowing the power of nature to enhance the human spirit. Interpreting the essential elements of Suan Mokkh Chaiya, the architects brought in techniques of shade and shadow, used ventilation blocks for effect and included the use of assorted natural materials composed neatly, simply, and plainly in each area. The view of the pond and trees allows waterscape to dominate the structure. Natural ventilation brought into the building is the passive approach to energy efficiency, creating a comfortable zone for users of interior spaces. The place represents a sacred mindfulness retreat and the peacefulness resulting from the design is favorable to any meditation exercise.

The success of this project comes from out of sincere collaboration and a participatory design approach. Park users, members of the Thai State Railways Union and the landowner were all actively involved in the design process. Their opinions were heard and taken into consideration. The present location of the Archives was decided after careful deliberations about causing the least ecological damage to the original park. The Buddhadasa Indapanno Archives are therefore truly dedicated to the public.□

2 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 因陀般若佛學(xué)檔案館基金會(huì)/Buddhadasa Indapanno Archives Foundation

室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)/Interior Designers: August Design Consultant Co., Ltd.

結(jié)構(gòu)工程師/Structural Engineers: SSK Engineering Consultant Co., Ltd.

機(jī)電工程師/Mechanical and Electrical Engineers: Arun Chaiseri Consulting Engineers Co., Ltd.

承建商/Contractor: Italian-Thai Development PCL.

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 9500m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 3377m2

結(jié)構(gòu)/Structure: 樁基、預(yù)制混凝土樓板、帶防水系統(tǒng)的鋼筋混凝土屋頂/Driven Pile Foundation, Pre-tensioned Concrete Floor, Reinforced Concrete Roof with Water Proof System

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2007

攝影/Photos: Pit Yaopirom

3 觀音道場(chǎng)/Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva teaching ground

4 立面/Elevation

5 那利革池塘/"Na-li-ke" pond

6 立面/Elevation

評(píng)論

張路峰：建筑在濱水一側(cè)采用了兩層半高的柱廊，這些富有韻律感的構(gòu)圖元素由于水中倒影而得到了加倍的強(qiáng)化，這棟看似平凡的建筑在水面的映襯下仿佛有了靈氣；對(duì)稱布置的列柱使整體不對(duì)稱的建筑獲得了一定的紀(jì)念性和神圣感；上大下小逐層收進(jìn)的體量，形成了自然的陰影區(qū)，巧妙而不露聲色地滿足了當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)釒夂蛩赜械恼陉?yáng)與通風(fēng)需求。

祁斌：建筑如同它的主題一樣，很有節(jié)制。從外到內(nèi)，從空間到材料，從結(jié)構(gòu)到裝飾，處處滲透著平和、謙遜、克制，摒棄著凡俗的欲望?？臻g自上而下地層層開(kāi)放，與規(guī)則柱廊虛實(shí)相映的下部灰空間很好地呼應(yīng)了優(yōu)美的臨水環(huán)境，仿佛回歸現(xiàn)代主義早期的經(jīng)典構(gòu)圖。首層的環(huán)形展示長(zhǎng)廊樸實(shí)地鋪墊出寧?kù)o優(yōu)雅的氛圍，中間點(diǎn)綴的幾株不規(guī)則排列的樹(shù)木暗示著場(chǎng)地曾經(jīng)的狀態(tài)。頂層空心磚砌筑的鏤空外墻走廊，內(nèi)外景觀似圍還透、欲掩欲顯，樸實(shí)中透著精神上的奢華。

7“泰屯”——半室外的展示空間/"Tai-Tun", semi-out door exhibition hall

Comments:

ZHANG Lufeng: This building has a double height colonnade along the lake where their rhythm is reinforced by the reflection of the water. Like these columns, this apparently ordinary building spirit seems to be activated by the lake's reflection. The columns are laid out in such a way that the overall asymmetrical mass of the building takes on a sense of the sacred and monumental. Its massing is heaviest on top and is reduced step-by-step towards the bottom creating a naturally shaded area underneath it all. Such space cleverly and quietly provides the unique shading and ventilation requirements of the local tropical climate. QI Bin: Outside to inside, as well as in its spaces, materials, structure and ornament, the building is permeated with peace, humility, restraint, and the abandonment of earthly desires. Open spaces gradually emerge from the lower part of the building where they coordinate with transitional areas behind the colonnade and work in concert with the nice waterfront prospect. It is as if the scene is a recreation a classic modernist composition. The ring-shaped gallery on the ground floor has a quiet and elegant atmosphere and irregularly placed trees invoke the former state of the site. The hollow brick corridor at the top of the building seems to both exposes and hides the surrounding landscape. This kind of austerity-this light touch-reveals a trace of spiritual abundance.

Buddhadasa Indapanno Archives, Bangkok, Thailand, 2009

Architects: Ashram of Community and Environmental Architect, Arsom Silp Institute of the Arts

8 位于二層的沃瓦達(dá)·巴迪莫教義冥想廳/Ovada Patimok meditation hall on floor 1

9 通向檔案室的走廊內(nèi)部空間/Ventilation blocks to interior space of corridor leading to archives room