文?Text/謝英俊 Hsieh Ying-Chun
攝影?Photo / C-lab Atelier-3
第一次與Marco相識,是在Urban Flash, Linz會場,我與他被安排在同一個單元作報告,之前對他的認(rèn)識,只是透過上屆威尼斯建筑雙年展芬蘭館的作品,感受到他能夠透過建筑實體那么具象的手段,將強烈明晰近乎是政治正確的環(huán)保概念,提升到如夢似幻的美學(xué)創(chuàng)作境界。在他另一個焚燒高腳屋作品里,則感受到一種反叛幾近異教徒儀式的行動藝術(shù)??赡苁俏覍Ρ睔W過于簡化的概念,Marco讓我想到維京人與大海、荒原,杰傲不馴如“葛天氏之民”;這點與原住民有太多相似。
這次在臺北碰面,第一個牽動的話題是“火”?!盎鹛痢?,會把人聚集,就像目前我住的邵族安置社區(qū),家家戶戶都生火,我們?nèi)刖畴S俗,生火成了每天近乎儀式的習(xí)慣。在傳統(tǒng)部落里,火熄了是大忌諱;火是能量、生命的表現(xiàn)。在寶藏巖的作品里,“火”成了核心。
來自馬戲團(tuán)家族,表演對Marco來講再熟悉不過了,他可以掌握得淋漓盡致,也是讓他的作品能有強烈感染力的原因,但是對身為建筑人而言,這可能是另一種危機(jī)。他在一件喜愛的T-shirt 寫上“CONSTRUCTOR”——如何讓強烈躍動的表演與真實的生活連接——這具有不凡的意義,而這也是所有藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作者的夢境,一種永遠(yuǎn)無法實現(xiàn)、無奈的夢境。寶藏巖作品如果只是一個裝置、一個表演,意義不大,因它所傳達(dá)的概念已經(jīng)夠了,如何讓社區(qū)的人真正的能生活其間(大媽、阿婆們必須能從山頂盡頭順著搭設(shè)的階梯、橋走下來澆菜,居民開始進(jìn)入一片片破敗但充滿時間痕跡的殘壁、藤蔓攀爬的角落,去觸摸快速消失的記憶),在長時間的互動中讓人們開始重新思考都市發(fā)展、現(xiàn)代生活、過度消費、生態(tài)環(huán)?!葐栴},更甚者,包含讓市政府、市民、市議會、社區(qū)組織與居民產(chǎn)生更深刻的對話,這才是關(guān)鍵。
在臺北碰面后第二天早上,他帶我看過環(huán)境、述說他的設(shè)計后,我回以:“讓它成真!”他有點疑惑,因為臺北市政府只提供15萬元(約人民幣3萬),這經(jīng)費包括所有的表演、游行活動的費用。
隔天早上,我?guī)Я艘卉嚨睦K索、滑輪和工具,到現(xiàn)場時,Marco 正擎著一支小小的破碎機(jī)與一堵水泥墻奮戰(zhàn),他想打掉它,但是干了半天,只打缺一個角,他看到我來,興奮地大叫,并從二層樓高的墻上跳下來。接下來的就是為期一周天昏地暗的constructor 工作。
在過程中,我們希望參與的同學(xué)能把自己當(dāng)成居民:如何使用撿拾來的廢料,用簡單的工具, 就現(xiàn)有地形地物發(fā)揮想像,克服重力,去構(gòu)筑。 在這種條件下的構(gòu)筑,無法精確繪圖與丈量, 工具永遠(yuǎn)不足,材料永遠(yuǎn)需要拼湊使用,一切必須遷就現(xiàn)有條件,依附既有的殘破結(jié)構(gòu),再結(jié)合、 再加固。新與舊、殘缺與殘缺、共生與再生,剩余物與廢物,不斷地在追求新的生命。 游行展示的推車,雖然有漂亮的草圖,但如何建造,令我們傷透腦筋,最后是在對面高架橋下的工地上借來用剩的鷹架廢料,加上輪子,5分鐘,美夢成真……。吊上椅子、書架,掛上社區(qū)里被任意丟棄的老照片、雜物,聯(lián)系時空的列車,推出社區(qū)進(jìn)入臺北市。
整個構(gòu)筑過程就在種種困頓與驚喜中進(jìn)行。一個接著一個的想法與觀念,像“天梯”一樣,(最頂上直上二層樓的梯子,我們戲稱為天梯),蜿蜒爬升。Marco在離臺前,興奮的提到:在準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)行的臺北有機(jī)層計劃有新的看法了。
寶藏巖下方原先是菜園,社區(qū)居民種菜或自己食用或社區(qū)分享或賣到市場,這是生活在這片土地上的人很自然的行為,但都市計劃、都市建設(shè)將菜園鏟除,鋪上如茵的草皮,居民若在這里種菜會被罰一萬八千元!在寶藏巖作品里,其中一個項目,是將緊
鄰山腳下的一片草皮重新讓給社區(qū)居民種菜,并利用擋土墻滲出的水澆灌,形成社區(qū)小型的食物鏈;這與Marco在威尼斯建筑雙年展的作品類似——利用廢棄的駁船,鋪上威尼斯市一小時生產(chǎn)的有機(jī)廢棄物,種樹,形成小公園。
種花草必須由公園管理處花錢維護(hù),種菜,居民自己會照顧得好好的;種花草讓臺北市看起來有國際都市的形貌,像新加坡,種菜顯得窮酸;種花是消費,種菜是生產(chǎn)。社區(qū)居民是都市的弱勢者(經(jīng)濟(jì)上)、邊緣人,一小片的菜園是他們生存的依靠,無能力消費意味著沒有能力破壞大自然,無能力鏟除歷史。公園處曾好心想贈送花草來美化這片菜園,但被Marco善意回絕。居民怕被罰一萬八千元,始終要求必須保證不被罰才敢種,雖然口中不停地念著,但是手上卻是不由自主地進(jìn)行翻土、下種的熟練動作。
與Marco坐在第三階無墻、破樓板的火塘旁,眼前是一無遮攔的福和橋和環(huán)河快速道路高架橋,車輛潮水般的流動、高架橋優(yōu)雅平滑的曲線,與寶藏巖廢墟似的靜止,形成強烈的對比,在這反差之下,益發(fā)顯得寶藏巖的豐富與時間的厚度.它是臺北市的閣樓,一個積存歷史記憶的基因庫,這反差也讓“廢棄物”顯現(xiàn)出新的生命力,Marco如此認(rèn)為。
“廢棄物”是在“有用之物”的觀點上得名,Marco替垃圾找出路,在廢墟中找殘存的生命基因。說也奇怪,我迷戀吳哥窟廢墟的形貌,并一直認(rèn)為那是都市最美的尸體,并在原住民身上中看到永續(xù)的脈絡(luò),而我們?yōu)膮^(qū)造屋工作隊的隊員百分之八十不是殘障、痛風(fēng),就是酗酒過量酒精中毒者……。
“天梯”邊,在柱子夾縫里,長出油綠綠的姑婆芋,可能幾十年沒人打擾它,應(yīng)該繁衍幾個世代了,就像寶藏巖,三不管地帶,都市的角落,幾十年的繁衍,形成無比精采的人居空間,再完美如高架橋的平滑結(jié)構(gòu),在它之前也顯得貧乏單薄、輕狂無知。大自然的神妙力量,生命的有機(jī)性,在人為干擾下,只是暫時躲起來,在不為人知不為人碰觸的陰暗角落里,等待。
"I first met Marco at the Linz Urban Flash presentation, before that what I knew about him was through his work at the Venice Biennale Finland hall, sensing his intensely, almost politically correct ecological concepts, through a very architectural execution, elevated to an illusion dreamlike artistic realm. In his other work, a burning house on stilts, I felt another kind of rebelled, almost heretic ritual-like action art. Maybe it's my simplified knowledge of Scandinavia, but Marco reminds me of Vikings, the sea, and wilderness, he is not to be tamed; this is very similar to the aborigines in Taiwan."
"On our first meeting in Taiwan we cameupon the subject of 'fire'. Fire gathers people. In a traditional tribal community,to let the fire out is a big taboo; fireis energy and life. In the Treasure Hillproject, fire is the center of all things."
"How to make a show, an installationinto a reality? How to communicate concepts, create a dialogue betweenthe government, city council, citizens, community, and people who actually live here; for the residents to live with/in this "art piece", to interact, and through time, let people think about urbanization, modern l i fe, excess consumpt ion, ecology..."
"We build with our own hands, with simple tools, and materials from gathered waste, growing on the topology, overcoming gravity, we construct .Old and new, ruins and regeneration, connection, reconsolidation, constantly searching for new life. The whole process is a series of hard comings and surprises. One by one ideas and concepts climb, meandering up, like our 'stairway to heaven'..."
"There used to be vegetable plots atthe base of the hill. Growing food for sharing is a very natural behavior of man on land, but the arrival of urban planning took away the vegetable plots and replaced them with green grass.
The residents here are fined if they grow vegetables! Flowers and grass requires park management and financial expenditure, vegetables are taken care of voluntarily; Flowers and grass give Taipei an'international look', but vegetables make Taipei look poor; flowers are consumption, vegetables are production. The residents here are the social vulnerable groups of the city, they live on the fringes of society, a small vegetable plot may be their basis of survival. The inability to consume also means inability to destroy nature and history."
"The graceful curves of the speedways and bridges, the waterlike flow of cars and movement creates a strong contrast to the silence and ruins of Treasure hill, and also intensifies its richness of time. It is the attic of Taipei, a storage of memories; this contrast also gives the 'ruins' new life, so Marco thinks."
"Waste is relative to Want. How do we define useful or not? Marco finds a way for the 'unwanted'.Similarly, I have always thought Angkor Wat the most beautiful city corpes."
"A taro leaf grows out from a crevice, bes ide the ' s tai rway to heaven', untouched and unbothered for years, just like Treasure hill, a forgotten corner ofthe city, bursting with fantastic spaces through the will to live. The most perfect bridge construction seems feeble and ignorant before this organic human structure."