旅游業(yè)，自然美景殺手乎？

Imogen Foulkes

Everyone wants to see Europes most iconic mountain. But the crowds who flock to the 1）Matterhorn dont want just 2）pristine slopes and untouched nature. They want creature comforts too： warm restaurants， hot food. But who wants to run power lines through this landscape？ Not Zermatt. Its economy depends on this view.

Over a million people come up here every year， and its easy to see why. But making sure all those tourists enjoy themselves and protecting this unique Alpine environment can be a difficult balancing act.

Zermatt is one of the worlds wealthiest resorts， unrecognisable as the poor， isolated village of a hundred years ago. The town has won prizes for its work with solar power， and because it is car free. Only electric vehicles are allowed. But every year there are more hotels and more tourists.

人人都想看看歐洲最具標志性的山峰，但涌向馬特洪峰的人們想要的可不僅僅是完好無損的自然景色，他們還想舒舒服服地享受這一美景：暖洋洋的餐廳，熱騰騰的食物等?？烧l會愿意在此美景中添上幾條電線呢？策馬特鎮(zhèn)當然不想這么做，因為這一美景是當?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟支柱。

每年都有超過一百萬人來到馬特洪峰，原因不言而喻。但在讓所有的游客都開開心心的同時，又必須保護這個獨一無二的阿爾卑斯山區(qū)環(huán)境，這確實是一件難事。

在一百年前，策馬特是一個貧窮的偏僻小山村，無人知曉。如今，它是世界上最富裕的度假勝地之一。該鎮(zhèn)在使用太陽能方面的努力，以及它的禁車措施，曾贏得多個獎項。在這里，你只能看到電動車。不過，每年這里都會有更多的旅館建成，涌入更多的游客。

Eva-Maria Klay （Pro Natura）： The place is not sustainable to me at all. Every year we have about 18 new constructions of 6-story houses， and if they continue like that， in another 30 years there will be no space left.

So whats the answer？ A resort cant turn guests away， but it can， as Zermatt is starting to do， impose stricter building controls. Zermatts mayor wants a town that preserves some original charm and that works for locals as well as tourists.

Christoph Burgin（Zermatt Mayor）： I dont want that Zermatt is coming Disneyland or something like that， because we have to live here and the Zermatten have to live here， and the children has to be in…growing up in a town like a town and not only a tourism resort.

Zermatts dilemma is one many successful resorts face. Tourists bring in money， but too many of them， and the original charm could disappear. At least Zermatt knows its famous mountain will always be there， but the view around it has certainly changed.

伊娃-瑪麗亞·克萊（環(huán)保組織）：在我看來，這個地方?jīng)]有絲毫的可持續(xù)性。每年，都會新增加約18幢六層樓房，如果照這樣下去，30年后這里就會擠得滿滿的了。

那這個問題該怎么解決呢？度假地不能把客人趕走，卻可以實行更嚴格的建筑管制。策馬特已經(jīng)開始這么做了。這里的鎮(zhèn)長希望能夠保留小鎮(zhèn)一些原有的迷人魅力，讓本鎮(zhèn)居民和游客都滿意。克里斯托夫·伯金（策馬特鎮(zhèn)鎮(zhèn)長）：我可不希望策馬特鎮(zhèn)變成像迪斯尼樂園那樣的地方，因為我們還得繼續(xù)住在這里，我們策馬特人要在這里生活，我們的孩子也要……他們要在一個像樣的鎮(zhèn)里長大，而不只是在一個度假村里長大成人。

策馬特鎮(zhèn)面臨的兩難問題是許多成功的度假勝地也要面對的。游客給當?shù)貛砹私?jīng)濟收入，但如果游客太多，景點原有的魅力就會消失。不管怎樣，策馬特鎮(zhèn)的人知道，那座著名的山峰會一如既往地聳立于此，但它周圍的一切已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化。