閱讀理解（史地知識(shí)類）

【命題特點(diǎn)分析】

史地知識(shí)介紹文常介紹特定國(guó)家或城市的歷史和地理知識(shí)，以增長(zhǎng)讀者見(jiàn)識(shí)，開(kāi)拓讀者眼界。介紹歷史知識(shí)時(shí)常以時(shí)間為推移介紹其政權(quán)歸屬和朝代更替；介紹地理知識(shí)時(shí)常介紹特定 國(guó)家或城市的位置、氣候、資源、山脈、河流和環(huán)境。

史地知識(shí)介紹文常見(jiàn)題型有：

1. 第一批定居者何時(shí)到達(dá)判斷題

介紹歷史知識(shí)的閱讀文章常常介紹當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦臍v史演變，因此易出現(xiàn)第一批居民何時(shí)到達(dá)判 斷題，這種試題常以When did the first immigrants come to…？或The first immigrant s came to… in.為設(shè)問(wèn)方式，認(rèn)真閱讀各批居民相對(duì)應(yīng)的到達(dá)時(shí)間不難作出準(zhǔn) 確判斷。

2. 特定居民移民目的判斷題

介紹歷史知識(shí)時(shí)閱讀文章常常介紹特定居民移民時(shí)有何特定目的，如尋找寶藏、殖民侵略等 ，因此常出現(xiàn)特定居民移民目的判斷題，試題常以Why did… come to…？或For what reas on did…come to…或The…came to…because…為設(shè)問(wèn)方式。認(rèn)真閱讀分析原文對(duì) 特定居民移民背景信息的介紹不難找到答案。

3. 特定地名現(xiàn)在何處判斷題

歷史知識(shí)介紹文還經(jīng)常介紹某一地點(diǎn)在歷史上的更名情況，因此常出現(xiàn)特定地名現(xiàn)在何處判 斷題。試題常以Where is…now？為設(shè)問(wèn)方式。認(rèn)真閱讀分析特定地點(diǎn)在歷史上的更名情況，追根求源不難找到答案。

4. 地理位置判斷題

地理知識(shí)介紹文常常介紹特定地點(diǎn)的地理位置，因此易出現(xiàn)地理位置判斷題。試題常以Where does…lie？或…lies…為設(shè)問(wèn)方式，以小型地圖為備選項(xiàng)。解題時(shí)應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀分析原文，了解特定地點(diǎn)的近鄰、山脈和河流走向及城市分布，在綜合考慮的基礎(chǔ)上解答試題。

5. 特定地點(diǎn)氣候判斷題

地理知識(shí)介紹文還常分季節(jié)和地區(qū)介紹特定地點(diǎn)的氣候特點(diǎn)，因此易出現(xiàn)特定地點(diǎn)氣候判斷題。試題常以Whats the weather like in…month/season in…？為設(shè)問(wèn)方式， 解題時(shí)應(yīng)弄清特定國(guó)家/城市不同地區(qū)不同季節(jié)的氣候特點(diǎn)，準(zhǔn)確找出題干所指地點(diǎn)和時(shí)段的氣候情況。

6. 特定季節(jié)人們活動(dòng)判斷題

地理知識(shí)介紹文還介紹不同季節(jié)當(dāng)?shù)厝说牟煌顒?dòng)，因此易出現(xiàn)特定季節(jié)人們活動(dòng)判斷題。試題常以What do…do in spring/summer/autumn/winter in…？為設(shè)問(wèn)方式。解題時(shí)應(yīng)認(rèn) 真閱讀分析原文對(duì)不同季節(jié)人們不同活動(dòng)的介紹，準(zhǔn)確找出題干所指的活動(dòng)。

【典型考題】

（一）

Londons Chinese community[社會(huì)] dates back to the 18th century， when a smallnumber of Chinese sailors moved to the city to work in Limhouse， east London. Astime went on， other Chinese people came to this area and Limhouse began to be known as“Chinatown”. However， Londons Chinese community remained very smallfor many years： at the start of the 20th century， there were just 545 Chinese people in Britain.

After the Second World War， many farmers in Hong Kong lost their jobs and came to London. As Limhouse had been almost destroyed during the war， they settled[定居] in a different area—a part of central London near Leicester Square. Thisarea is now what Londoners call Chinatown.

At first， the new immigrants[移民] found it difficult to get jobs. In the 1950s， however， a small Chinese restaurant opened in London. Many British people visited it and said that Chinese food was wonderful！ Suddenly， Chinese restaurants a nd take aways started opening in every part of the city. Instead of too littlew ork， the new Chinese immigrants now found that they had too much！ They worked ascooks， managers or waiters. Most of them enjoyed their lives and arranged theirfriends and relatives to join them from overseas.

As time went by， Londons Chinese community became more and more successful. The sons and daughters of the original restaurant workers studied and worked veryhard. And most went on to get highly paid jobs. Many Chinese families left China town and moved to the more expensive outskirts. Chinatown， however， is still as lively as ever.

（ ）1. When did the first Chinese immigrants come to London？

A. In the 1950s.

B. More than 200 years ago.

C. After the Second World War.

D. At the start of the 20th century.

（ ）2. Why did many Chinese immigrants come to London in the 1950s？

A. Because it was easy for them to get jobs there.

B. Because Limhouse had been almost destroyed during the war.

C. Because many British people enjoyed Chinese food.

D. Because their children could study there and get highly paid jobs.

（ ）3. In the 1950s， Chinese immigrants came to London and worked as _________.

A. sailors

B. farmers

C. sailors and farmers

D. restaurant workers

（ ）4. Where is Londons Chinatown now？

A. In the east of London.

B. In Limhouse.

C. Not far from Leicester Square.

D. Outside the city.

（ ）5. According to this passage， if people live in the outskir ts of a city， they live _______.

A. in the village

B. far away from the city

C. in the centre of the city

D. in the outer areas of the city

（二）

Dear Lin Tao，

How are you？Right now Im watching the weather report on TV. It says its snowing in Beijing. But here， in Australia its summer！Our summer is in December， January and February. Its really hot now. I like summer because my favorite sports are swimming， beach volleyball and surfing.

Our autumn is from March to May. Some trees turn yellow and orange， but many tre es are green all year round. The weather is warm and sunny. We often drive to the Blue Mountains to enjoy the fresh air！

Winter in Sydney starts in June and ends in August. The weather is not very cold. It never snows， but it rains a lot. Helen and I like to watch football games， even in the rain. Sometimes we go to a beach and watch whales swimming in the sea.

Spring here is from September to November. I like spring best. The weather gets warmer and everything begins to grow. Trees turn green and flowers come out. My family often have a barbecue at a park or on a beach.

What about the seasons in Beijing？ I know they are really different！ What do you usually do in different seasons？

Please write back soon！

Best wishes，

David

（ ）1. Whats the season now in Australia？

A. Spring.

B. Summer.

C. Autumn.

D. Winter.

（ ）2. Whats the weather like in autumn in Australia？

A. Its really hot.

B. It rains a lot.

C. Its warm and sunny.

D. It gets cold.

（ ）3. What do they often do in winter in Sydney？

A. Go surfing.

B. Climb the mountains.

C. Watch football games.

D. Have barbecues.

（ ）4. When is spring in Australia？

A. From December to February.

B. From March to May.

C. From June to August.

D. From September to November.

（ ）5. What does David want to tell Lin Tao about Australia in his letter？

A. The time of different seasons.

B. The weather of four seasons.

C. Different activities in different seasons.

D. All of the above.

閱讀理解答案

（一）

【導(dǎo)讀】

長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)倫敦的中國(guó)人居住地是如何演變的？本文較為詳細(xì)地介紹了倫敦唐人街的歷史變遷 。

1. B 原文首句Londons Chinese community[社會(huì)] dates back to the 18th century， when a small number of Chinese sailors moved to the city to work in Limhouse， east London.體現(xiàn)答案。

2. A 由原文第二節(jié)首句After the Second World War， many farmers in Hong Kong lost their jobs and came to London.可以得知答案。

3. D 由原文第三節(jié)可以推斷二十世紀(jì)五十年代中國(guó)移民來(lái)到倫敦是做飯店工人的。

4. C 原文第二節(jié)中…they settled[定居] in a different area—a part of central London near Leicester Square. This area is now what Londoners call Chinatown.體現(xiàn)答案。

5. D 由原文末節(jié)倒數(shù)第二句中的left Chinatown and moved to 和畫(huà)線詞的構(gòu)詞特點(diǎn)可以 推斷畫(huà)線詞義為“郊外”。

（二）

【導(dǎo)讀】

澳大利亞和我們處在兩個(gè)不同的半球，一個(gè)在天南，一個(gè)在地北，春夏秋冬完全顛倒。本文詳細(xì)介紹了這一奇特的地理現(xiàn)象。

1. B 原文第一節(jié)中But here， in Australia its summer！體現(xiàn)答案。

2. C 原文第二節(jié)中The weather is warm and sunny. 體現(xiàn)答案。

3. C 原文第三節(jié)中Helen and I like to watch football games… 體現(xiàn)答案。

4. D 原文第四節(jié)中Spring here is from September to November. 體現(xiàn)答案。

5. D 原文以季節(jié)變化為線索介紹了各季節(jié)的天氣特點(diǎn)和人們的活動(dòng)。