閱讀理解

講究閱讀方法

英語閱讀永遠(yuǎn)是英語學(xué)習(xí)中的重中之重，不論是初級(jí)英語還是高級(jí)英語，閱讀理解在考試中都占有相當(dāng)高的的分?jǐn)?shù)比例，今天就和大家談?wù)動(dòng)⒄Z閱讀中應(yīng)講究的閱讀方法：

一、依據(jù)主題句定短文的中心

任意一篇文章通常是圍繞一個(gè)中心展開并且由段落組成的；段落之間有著內(nèi)在的緊密聯(lián)系，而表達(dá)段落主題的句子叫主題句，通常置于段落的開頭，有時(shí)在段落末尾和中間；其它的句子是用來說明和闡述主題句的；若把一個(gè)個(gè)主題句加以整理，你能悟出其中心思想，同時(shí)還可以回避、排除個(gè)別生詞、難句（等困難信號(hào)）所帶來的干擾，但也有一些文章的中心思想常貫穿在全文中，因而要綜觀全文，對(duì)全文有一個(gè)透徹的理解才行。如：

My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening. The accommodation wasnt wonderful， but we had everything we needed（beds， blankets， food ）， and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air.

On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group. Cameron had come along with two friends， Kevin and Simon， while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda. There were some other members I didnt know. We had come from different places and none of us knew the area.

We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors， but none of us was sure exactly how. Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves[巖洞] first. Climbing out was harder than going in， but after a good deal of pushing， we were out at last. Though we were covered with mud， we were pleased and excited by what wed done.

This passage mainly talks about ______________.

A. the writers friends at the Activity Center

B. the writers experience at the Activity Center

C. outdoor sports at the Activity Center

D. how to go rock-climbing and caving

[參考答案B] 上述這段短文的中心是說明“the writers experience at the Activity Center.”。作者以及作者的朋友，還有組上的其他一些成員一起在活動(dòng)中心度周末的一些活動(dòng)以及感受。

二、掌握具體事實(shí)和重要細(xì)節(jié)

閱讀文章時(shí)，要求學(xué)生養(yǎng)成辨認(rèn)和記憶具體事實(shí)、重要細(xì)節(jié)的習(xí)慣。因?yàn)榫唧w事實(shí)、重要細(xì)節(jié)是主題句的擴(kuò)展、補(bǔ)充、說明或例證，是用來支持和說明中心思想的，而且是閱讀理解測(cè)試的重要組成部分。

如：If someone asks me： “Do you like music？” Im sure I will answer him or her： “Of course， I do.” because I think music is an important part of our lives.

Different people have different ideas about music. For me， I like rock music because its so exciting. And my favorite rock band， the “Foxy Ladies” [酷妹] is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. I also like pop music. My classmate LiLan loves dance music， because she enjoys dancing. My best friend， Jane， likes jazz music [爵士樂]。 She thinks jazz is really cool.

“I like dance music and rock very much.” says my brother， “because they are amazing.”

But my mother thinks rock is boring. “I like some relaxing [輕松的] music，” she says. Thats why she likes country music， I think.

①The writer likes music because he thinks ____________.

A. its an exciting part of our lives

B. its an amazing part of our lives

C. its an important part of our lives

②What kind of music does the writer like？

A. Rock and pop music.

B. Rock and dance music.

C. Jazz and country music.

③Who likes dancing？

A. The writer.

B. Li Lan.

C. Jane.

④The writers mother thinks that country music is __________.

A. amazing

B. boring

C. relaxing

⑤ How many peoples ideas about music are talked about in this passage [短文]？

A. 4.

B. 5.

C. 6.

這是幾道重要事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)題，全是圍繞短文的主題句“Different people have different ideas about music”來展開說明的，起補(bǔ)充舉例作用。

答案分別為 ① C ② A ③ B ④ C ⑤ B。

三、運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法、語境線索等幫助來推測(cè)關(guān)鍵詞義

在閱讀文章的過程中，常常會(huì)遇到一些生詞，如果不懂得這些詞義就會(huì)妨礙理解，但大部分生詞的詞義是可以根據(jù)上下文，結(jié)合構(gòu)詞法、借助文章中的語境線索幫助在理解基礎(chǔ)上猜測(cè)其詞義，這有助于加快閱讀速度，提高閱讀理解能力。如：

Water is all around us. Water is in the ocean. Water is in the lakes and rivers. Water is in the air. There is more water than land on the earth. All living things must have it. We must have it， too. We cannot live without drinking water. Sometimes， we do not have all the water that we need. The land will dry up without water. Sometimes， there can be too much water in the land. If it rains very， very hard， the rain water will run down the hill. It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills. It is called erosion when the water takes the land away.

“Erosion” in the passage means ____________.

A. 地震

B. 雪崩

C. 侵蝕

D. 霜凍

根據(jù)前面的語句If it rains very， very hard， the rain water will run down the hills. It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills.解釋可以推知erosion是一種自然地理現(xiàn)象，即“侵蝕”，答案為C。

Mr King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger. And he escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.

Mr Baker， one of his friends， works in a factory outside the city. Its far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning， sometimes hes late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car， but he hasnt enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea [跳蚤] market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wanted to have a trial [試驗(yàn)] drive， the seller agreed. He called Mr King and asked him to help him.

Mr King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drove fast. And when he reached a crossing， the lights turned red. He tried to stop it， but he failed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop， but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the road.

“Didnt you hear me？” the policeman asked angrily.

“Yes， I did， sir，” said Mr King， “Since it doesnt listen to me，can it obey you？”

根據(jù)以上短文內(nèi)容，然后從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

1. Mr King is paid more because he _______.

A. always drives very slowly

B. is not afraid of danger

C. had driven for years

D. drives very well

2. Mr Baker went to the flea market to _______.

A. buy a second-hand car

B. have a trial drive

C. choose a new car

D. sell his old car

3. Mr King tried to stop the car when _______.

A. he saw an old woman crossing the street

B. he saw a big tree

C. the traffic lights turned red

D. the policeman shouted angrily at him

4. Which of the following is true？

A. Mr King will be sent away if he keeps being late

B. Mr Baker cant afford to buy an old car

C. Mr King didnt hear the policeman

D. Something was wrong with the car

「答案與解析」

1. 選D.由句子He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger. And he escaped from several accidents.可知，Mr King drives very well，因此老板付給了他更多的薪水。答案選D.

2. 選A.Mr Baker因?yàn)榻煌〒頂D而經(jīng)常遲到，受到老板的責(zé)罵，所以He hopes to buy a car. 但是他沒有足夠的錢，所以He decided to buy an old one，可見他去跳蚤市場(chǎng)是buy a second-hand car（想買一輛二手車），因此答案選A.

3. 選C.Mr King試車到了一個(gè)十字路口時(shí)，The light turned red，所以He tried to stop it，因此答案選C.

4. 選D.Mr King在交警的警告下也沒有停住車，最后撞到了樹上，他的解釋是：It doesnt listen to me（車不聽我的話），可見車有問題，所以答案選D.

I will always remember my mothers last few days in this world.

On February 14th， 2000， my class went on a field trip to the beach. I had so much fun. When we returned to school， my teacher told me to go to the headmasters office. When I got into the office， I saw a police officer. Suddenly I realized something was wrong. The police officer told me what had happened and we went to pick my sister up. After that， we went to the hospital and waited. Time went slowly. Finally， we got to see our mother. It was terrible.

On the next day， the headmaster came and told my two teachers what had happened. I was taking a rest that day. I knew it had something to do with my mother. I kept thinking that she either died or had gotten better. How I wished that she had gotten better. When my teacher took me outside， my sister ran up to me. She started crying， “Shes gone. Teresa， mommys gone. Shes dead.” I couldnt believe it. We jumped into the car and drove straight to the hospital. Most of my family were there. The silence was terrible. I knew I had to say goodbye.

Today when I look back， I still miss my mother very much， but I know that I will live. My mother was a strong mother， who had the biggest heart. My mother was an angel walking on the earth. I will always remember her as living. When someone is asked who their hero [英雄] is，they usually say someone famous， like Michael Jordan or Britney Spears. When someone asks me who my hero is， I tell them， my mother. My mother lives every day. That is what makes her a true hero.

根據(jù)以上短文內(nèi)容，然后從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

1. Where was the writer when she learned her mother was very ill？

A. On the beach.

B. At the hospital.

C. At school.

D. At home.

2. Who brought the writer the bad news that her mother was ill？

A. Her sister.

B. The headmaster.

C. Her teacher.

D. The police officer.

3. What did the headmaster tell the two teachers on the next day？

A. Her mother had been very ill.

B. Her mother had been dead.

C. Her mother had gotten better.

D. Her sister came to see her.

4. From the last paragraph of the passage we know that _______.

A. the writer is afraid of her mother

B. the writer is proud of her mother

C. the writer feels sad about her mother

D. the writer feels sorry for her mother

5. The writer must think her mother is a _______ woman.

A. famous B. free C. rich D. great

「答案與解析」

1. 選C.根據(jù)短文的第2段句子When we returned to school，my teacher told me to…可知，當(dāng)我回到學(xué)校以后，才得知母親生病的消息，即當(dāng)作者得知母親病重時(shí)，當(dāng)時(shí)她is at school（在學(xué)校）。

2. 選D.根據(jù)第2段的句子The police officer told me what had happened and…可知，老師叫我去校長辦公室，但真正告訴我發(fā)生了什么事的是the police officer.故答案選D。

3. 選B.在短文的第3段開頭講到了第二天發(fā)生的事。校長告訴我的兩個(gè)老師發(fā)生了什么事，然后緊接著借妹妹之口：Shes gone. Teresa， mommys gone. Shes dead.使讀者知道，校長告訴老師的事是My mother had been dead（我的母親死了）。

4. 選B.在短文的最后一段，作者反復(fù)提到這樣的字眼：a strong mother， had the biggest heart， an angel，字里行間都充滿著自豪之情。故答案選B。

5. 選D.最后一段說母親有世界上最寬容的心，她是一位 strong母親，她是一位真正的英雄，這些都說明了在作者心中母親很great（偉大）。