◎永定第一中學(xué) 曾放珍
新課程課堂教學(xué)改革的主要目標(biāo)之一是要改變傳統(tǒng)的以教師為中心、單純傳授知識的教學(xué)模式,構(gòu)建一種既能發(fā)揮教師主導(dǎo)作用又能體現(xiàn)學(xué)生主體作用的新型教學(xué)模式。課堂教學(xué)要以生為本,以學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)為核心,著重關(guān)注學(xué)生的進(jìn)步與發(fā)展。我們都知道,閱讀教學(xué)是高中英語教學(xué)的重要內(nèi)容,占高中教學(xué)的相當(dāng)一大部分時間。而且,英語閱讀理解的考查在高考中是重中之重,占全卷150分當(dāng)中的40分。教師應(yīng)如何搞好閱讀教學(xué),尤其是課文閱讀教學(xué)呢?筆者認(rèn)為,以學(xué)生為主體、教師為主導(dǎo)的英語課文閱讀教學(xué)能充分激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)主動性、積極性,從而提高英語閱讀教學(xué)的有效性。在龍巖市第八屆“普通中學(xué)開放周”活動中,筆者給同行開設(shè)了一節(jié)教學(xué)觀摩課。教學(xué)內(nèi)容是人教版NSEFC必修2 Unit 4的課文How Daisy Learned to Help Wildlife。以下,筆者談?wù)勥@節(jié)課的具體教學(xué)設(shè)計以及總結(jié)和反思。
教材分析
本單元的主題是Wildlife Protection,它是人們普遍關(guān)注、學(xué)生比較熟悉的話題。本節(jié)閱讀課文How Daisy Learned to Help Wildife緊扣主題,是本單元的教學(xué)核心。它是一篇童話故事,講述一個女孩Daisy乘坐a flying carpet跨越時空的一次奇妙的旅行。通過Daisy和藏羚羊、大象、猴子的對話的寓言故事,展示了Daisy逐漸認(rèn)識保護(hù)動物的重要性和必要性的過程。文中動物們講述了各自的處境,喚起了Daisy對動物的熱愛以及保護(hù)動物的責(zé)任心。通過閱讀教學(xué),促使學(xué)生更加熱愛動物、保護(hù)動物,學(xué)會從我做起、從現(xiàn)在做起。
設(shè)計思想
以“學(xué)生為主體、教師為主導(dǎo)”為教學(xué)原則,努力體現(xiàn)“課堂師生互動、生生互動”的新課程教學(xué)理念,充分利用多媒體資源和創(chuàng)設(shè)語言環(huán)境進(jìn)行本節(jié)課的教學(xué)。由于這篇閱讀課文在理解方面難度不大,因此,在處理教材時,改變傳統(tǒng)的閱讀教學(xué)模式,根據(jù)教材及學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況,通過觀看短片導(dǎo)入話題,突出讀前部分、小組討論和課文角色的表演三個環(huán)節(jié),精心設(shè)計閱讀部分的練習(xí),增加閱讀教學(xué)的趣味性,充分調(diào)動學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性,提高教學(xué)效果。
三維目標(biāo)
知識目標(biāo)
通過本節(jié)課文閱讀教學(xué),學(xué)習(xí)與話題相關(guān)的17個生詞和6個新短語。
生 詞 :species,carpet,respond,distant,fur,antelope,Zimbabwe,certain,importance,rub,mosquito,milipede,insect,contain,powerful,affect,appreciate
短 語 :in danger (of),in relief,burst into laughter,without mercy,protect...from,pay attention to
能力目標(biāo)
1.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通讀How Daisy Learned to Help Wildife這篇課文閱讀材料,并進(jìn)行全面整體理解,積極思考,達(dá)到強(qiáng)化語言意識,豐富語言知識,全面提高綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力。
2.培養(yǎng)自主學(xué)習(xí)、探究學(xué)習(xí)和合作學(xué)習(xí)的能力。
情感目標(biāo)
1.在有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的話題激勵下,激發(fā)學(xué)英語的興趣。
2.在共同完成教學(xué)活動中和通過小組競賽,加強(qiáng)團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作的精神和競爭意識。
3.提高保護(hù)動物、維護(hù)生態(tài)平衡、保護(hù)地球的意識和責(zé)任感。
教學(xué)方法
本節(jié)課以多媒體教學(xué)為平臺,采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)方法。以學(xué)生為主體,教師為主導(dǎo),采用小組競賽法完成各個教學(xué)活動。
教學(xué)過程
Step1.Leading in
Enjoy a movie——Save the earth and answer the following questions.
1.What happened to the animals?
2.What should we do to the endangered animals?
設(shè)計意圖:通過觀看短片,自然引入話題;用直觀的手段吸引學(xué)生的注意力,激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)興趣,引發(fā)學(xué)生的積極思維。
Step2.Pre-reading
Answer the following questions.
1.Can you name some endangered animals?
Ask some students to show their pictures searched on the Internet and the other students name the endangered animals in English.
2.Why are they in danger of disappearing?
Get the students to give their opinions individually.
Suggested answers:
1.They are being killed and hunted by people.
2.They have not enough food.
3.Their habitat is being destroyed or changed.
4.They are being killed by other animals.
…
設(shè)計意圖:通過讓學(xué)生課前自己上網(wǎng)搜找有關(guān)瀕危動物的圖片、課中上臺展示圖片和問答相關(guān)問題等活動,培養(yǎng)他們自主學(xué)習(xí)、探究學(xué)習(xí)和合作學(xué)習(xí)的能力;充分利用多媒體資源積累更多話題信息,為后面的Reading、Discussion和Acting等活動做好鋪墊。
Step3.Reading
Task1.Skimming
Skim the passage and find out the main idea of the passage.
A:It is about some protection of wildlife.
B:It is about a journey of a flying chair.
C: Itis aboutDaisy’s wonderfulexperience with some animals.
Key:C
Task2.Scanning
Scan the the passage and answer the following questions.
1.How many parts can the passage be divided into?And what’s the main idea of each part?
Suggested answers:It can be divided into three parts.The main idea of each part are as follows:
Part 1(Para 1):Why we need wildlife protection.
Part 2(Para 2):A good example of wildlife protection.
Part 3(Para 3-4):What we can get from wildlife protection.
2.What three places did Daisy go and what animals did she meet?
Get the students to fill in the blanks according to the reading passage and the pictures.
1)In Tibet she met an antelope.
2)In Zimbabwe she met an elephant.
3)In the rainforest she met a monkey.
Task3.Careful reading
短文填詞:閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)以下提示:1)漢語提示,2)首字母提示,3)語境提示,在每個空格內(nèi)填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)挠⒄Z單詞。所填單詞要求意義準(zhǔn)確和拼寫正確。
One day,Daisy ,who was eager to help protect endangered wildlife dreamed a strange dream.She flew in a w______carpet.First,she came to Tibet.There she saw a Tibetan antelope with a depressed look.She______broken-hearted to know that those
antelopes were being killed for their wool b their stomachs.Then the carpet took her to Zimbabwe,_______she talked with a big elephant.She wasglad to learn thatthe numberofthe elephants,which used to be hunted without (仁慈)by farmers,keeps______(增加)thanks to the local government’s help.Finally they landed in a thick rainforest.From a monkey,she discovered a powerful drug which a______mosquitoes.However,_______to her surprise,everything began to disappear as soon as they returned home.But anyway,through this unforgettable experience,Daisy had a sense of__________(欣 慰 .).Also,she learnt a lot about the great i______of protecting wildlife.
Keys:wonderful;was;beneath;where;mercy;increasing;affects;much/greatly;relief;importance
設(shè)計意圖:在Reading部分,通過skimming和 scanning任務(wù)環(huán)節(jié)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生略讀和查讀能力的同時,理清課文的主要內(nèi)容。通過careful reading以及完成短文填詞練習(xí),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生吸收信息及學(xué)會加工信息的能力。
Step4.Discussion
Discuss the topic:What should we do to protect wildlife?(for the government/people/yourself)
Get the students to work in groups of four,and the group leader writes down the other three students’opinions,then reports the result.
Suggested answers:
1.Pass laws to protect wildlife.
2.Protect the environment.
3.Build protection zones(reserves).
4.Forbid people to kill endangered animals.
5.Collect money to protect them.
…
設(shè)計意圖:緊扣主題,學(xué)以致用,同時也為課后寫作做好前期準(zhǔn)備。以學(xué)生為主體的教學(xué)活動進(jìn)一步得到體現(xiàn)。
Step5.Acting the dialogues
The students volunteer to act the dialogues in groups of three.
Group1:A dialogue between Daisy,Carpet and Antelope.
Group2:A dialogue between Daisy,Carpet and Elephant.
Group3:A dialogue between Daisy,Carpet and Monkey.
設(shè)計意圖:讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)的課文知識進(jìn)行有效的語言輸出;通過生動的角色表演增加閱讀教學(xué)的趣味性,充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主動性和積極性。
Step6.Summary
Summarize what has been learned from the reading text.
From Daisy’s experience,we know that wildlife protection is of great importance all over the world.What happens in one country can affect what happens in other parts of the world.So everyone should do his best to protect wildlife.
Protecting wildlife is protecting ourselves.Let’s take action right now! Let’s live in peace with wildlife!
設(shè)計意圖:培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的概括能力;增強(qiáng)保護(hù)動物的意識和責(zé)任感。
Step7.Assessment
Summarize the whole competion of this period and reward the most active students in each group with small presents,such as the toys made of animals and some nice notebooks.
設(shè)計意圖:鼓勵學(xué)生積極、主動參與整節(jié)課的教學(xué)活動,使其獲得成就感。
Assignment
Write a passage As students,what should we do to protect wildlife?in about 120 words.
設(shè)計意圖:課后作業(yè)與前面的discussion的教學(xué)任務(wù)相呼應(yīng),體現(xiàn)了閱讀教學(xué)與寫作教學(xué)的完美結(jié)合,構(gòu)成了完整的語言輸入到語言輸出的過程。
本節(jié)課的教學(xué)充分體現(xiàn)了新課程理念,以學(xué)生為主體、教師為主導(dǎo),以學(xué)生為中心,從引入部分的感知到初步理解、深層理解,再到語言的輸出、運(yùn)用,做到緊扣主題,圍繞中心,由淺入深,層層遞進(jìn),引發(fā)了一個個有效課堂活動的生成,構(gòu)建了一個較為完整的有效閱讀教學(xué)模式。在課堂評價方面,改變傳統(tǒng)的評價方法,以小組之間的競賽為形式,學(xué)生參與意識強(qiáng),積極性極高,充分體現(xiàn)了自主學(xué)習(xí)、探究學(xué)習(xí)和合作學(xué)習(xí)的過程,任務(wù)的完成達(dá)到了預(yù)期目標(biāo)。
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[2]《高中英語新課程教學(xué)設(shè)計與評析》,高等教育出版社,2008年。
[3]鄭春紅:《例談閱讀課教學(xué)設(shè)計的有效性》,《中小學(xué)外語教學(xué)》,2012年第7期。
[4]徐家兵:《從一次同題異構(gòu)活動反思初中英語課堂中學(xué)生的主體地位》,《中小學(xué)外語教學(xué)》,2012年第2期。