朱巧珍
一、教材分析
1.教材內(nèi)容分析
在此課之前的第一課時中,教師已與學生一起討論了一些關于自然災害的話題,如洪水、臺風、海嘯、颶風、火山爆發(fā)等,并已布置學生查閱地震方面的資料,學生對該話題有良好的背景知識。
這是一篇新聞報道類的記敘文,用第三人稱的形式講述了1976年唐山大地震,介紹了唐山大地震的震前預兆、地震造成的損失和震后的救災情況。本文以事情發(fā)生的先后順序為線索,運用大量的細節(jié)信息,生動地再現(xiàn)了地震發(fā)生時的景象,表達了作者對災區(qū)人民的同情心。
2.教學目標
根據(jù)英語新課程標準關于總目標的具體描述,結合高一學生實際和教材內(nèi)容,筆者將教學目標分為知識目標、能力目標、情感目標三個方面。
(1)知識目標。讓學生了解唐山大地震的有關情況:地震前所發(fā)生的一些異?,F(xiàn)象,震后所帶來的毀滅性破壞以及隨之而來的全國軍民大援救等;學習并掌握本課的詞語、表達方式、語法結構;學習有關數(shù)量的不同表達,了解反復、夸張、比喻等修辭手法的作用。
(2)能力目標。能運用所學語言知識描述地震方面的知識;進一步使用恰當?shù)拈喿x方法與技能,提高略讀、細讀、歸納和總結內(nèi)容的能力,提高學生的閱讀技能和獲取信息、處理信息的能力;了解新聞報道的寫作特點。
(3)情感目標。感受和學習救災人員無私無畏的精神;關注自然災害,形成對科技在震前預測和救災工作中的重要性的認識,并學會在地震發(fā)生時的自救和救助他人。
3.重點難點
(1)培養(yǎng)學生的閱讀技巧和能力。
(2)運用所學單詞和短語來描述地震,理解課文中較長的句子并學會劃分句子成分,體會比喻、夸張和反復等的寫作手法。
二、學情分析
經(jīng)過高一前面三個單元的學習,學生已擁有小組討論的經(jīng)驗,也已經(jīng)具備一定的語言知識和語言技能以及獨立思考的能力,掌握了尋讀、細讀等閱讀策略,能較好地理解大意、獲取信息。
三、教學設計思路
本節(jié)課是閱讀課,旨在培養(yǎng)學生的閱讀理解能力,引導學生運用本課所學的語言知識點,讓學生加深對文章主題的理解,同時對學生進行地震時如何進行自救及救助他人的教育。
為了激發(fā)學生的閱讀興趣,首先使用圖片引出文章的主題;通過整體閱讀,尋找段落主旨整體感知文章;再分部分閱讀理解及小組討論,培養(yǎng)學生獲取信息的能力和歸納總結能力;最后引導學生了解新聞報道的寫作特點。
四、教學過程
Step1:Lead—in
(1)Ask the students to look at the photos of Tangshan and San Francisco to describe what they see in the two photos.
(2)Imagine there has been a big earthquake in these two cities, what might happen to all the things in the photos?
然后教師用多媒體播放一些地震的畫面。
設計說明:用圖片和多媒體導入內(nèi)容,形象、直觀、生動,能吸引學生的注意力,激發(fā)他們的學習興趣。同時,可以讓學生初步了解地震的有關知識,為后面的閱讀活動做鋪墊。
Step2:Reading
(1)Skim the reading passage and then answer the following question:
Q:What does the passage mainly talk about?
設計說明:整體感知文章,了解文章大意。
(2)Fill in the table after reading.
■
然后教師提問:How do you know that the earthquake lasted 15 seconds?
引導學生找出原文中的句子:In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
設計說明:引導學生快速閱讀文章,查找所需的信息,初步了解文章內(nèi)容,并明確這次地震的時間、地點和持續(xù)的時間。
(3)Divide the whole passage into three parts and summarize the main idea of each part.
Part1(paragraph1 before the earthquake):Strange things were happening but on one take any notice of them.
Part2(paragraph2~3 during the earthquake):The earthquake destroyed the city of Tangshan and shocked the people very much.
Part3(paragraph4 after the earthquake): The army came to rescue the survivors, bringing hope for a new life.
然后教師提問:Can you use one word to summarize the main idea of each part?(signs, ruins, rescue)
設計說明:通過劃分段落和概況段落大意,讓學生從整體上理清文章的脈絡,培養(yǎng)了學生的概況能力和快速獲取信息的能力,也學生為下一步獲取細節(jié)信息的活動打好了基礎。
(4)Get the students to scan the passage and then comprehend it paragraph by paragraph.
Part1:Before the earthquake
Q1:What natural signs of a coming earthquake were there? (同時呈現(xiàn)圖片)
Q2:Why does the writer repeat“rose and fell” in the passage? What rhetorical device(修辭手法)does the writer use here?
設計說明:問題1通過讓學生尋找地震發(fā)生前的跡象這樣一個問題,既訓練學生利用閱讀技能獲取信息和處理信息的能力,又讓學生了解了地震的基本知識。問題2加深了學生對文章中反復的修辭手法的理解,指導學生明白作者使用這一修辭手法的目的。
Part2:During the earthquake
Q1:What happened during the earthquake?
Get the students to find some details of this part.
Details:
①At 3:42 am, the greatest earthquake of the 20th century began.
②Steam burst from holes in the ground.
③Hard hills of the rock became rivers of dirt.
④Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.
⑤Two dams and most of the bridges fell.
⑥The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel.
⑦Sand now filled the wells instead of water.
⑧Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.
接著教師提問:
Q2:Which sentence can best describe the serious damage of the earthquake?
引導學生找出原文中的句子:It seemed as if the world was at the end.
Q3:What rhetorical device does the writer use in the sentence?
Q4:What other rhetorical devices does the writer use?
然后引導學生找出如下句子:
A night the earth didnt sleep.
For three days the water in the well rose and fell, rose and fell.
Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.
Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
然后,讓學生填寫下列數(shù)據(jù):
① 1/3 of the nation felt the earthquake.
②A huge crack that was 8 kilometres long and 30 metres wide cut across houses.
③In 15 terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
④ 2/3 of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.
⑤The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
⑥All of the citys hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.
接著教師啟發(fā)學生思考:Why does the writer give us so many numbers to describe the damage that the earthquake caused?
設計說明:教師通過提問的方式引導學生關注修辭手法的運用,并用數(shù)據(jù)準確地反映地震受損程度,培養(yǎng)學生獲取細節(jié)信息的能力和概括能力。同時,指導學生欣賞文章中的優(yōu)美語句,感受語言的魅力。
Part3:After the earthquake
Q1:How were the people helped by the army?
Q2:Could anything more to be done to help the people in the earthquake? (Group work)
然后,教師引導學生思考以下句子的深刻含義:Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
設計說明:以上的問題設置基于文章內(nèi)容,但又不局限于文章內(nèi)容,培養(yǎng)了學生的發(fā)散思維能力。
Step3:Post-reading
Show the questions and have a discussion.
Q1:From whose point of view are events described? How do you know?
Q2:What is the mood of this passage? How is it created?
Q3:Why do you think the writer is expressing his feelings about the earthquake rather than simply reporting what happened?
設計說明:了解新聞寫作特點,感受和學習救災人員的可貴精神。
Step4:Homework
(1)Recite the sentences using rhetorical devices.
(2)Read the text again and again and write a summary of the text.
五、教學反思
1.本節(jié)課的成功之處
(1)本節(jié)課的設計建立在教師對教材的認識、理解、解讀和加工的過程上,體現(xiàn)了教學的層次性和教學任務設計的有效性。
(2)教學設計思路清晰。整個教學活動以閱讀為平臺分為三大板塊:讀前活動、閱讀活動和讀后活動。讀前活動的作用在于輸入語言及話題,激活學生學習情感,為閱讀活動打好背景、知識和心理基礎。閱讀活動先是讓學生略讀,了解文章主要內(nèi)容,接著以時間為線索讓學生用一個字概括段意,幫助學生理清了文章結構,最后要求學生對文章每一部分進行細讀。讀后活動提出深層次的問題,加深學生對文章的進一步理解。
(3)問題設計有效地引發(fā)學生思考。通過對文章的解讀,在細讀環(huán)節(jié),教師設置環(huán)環(huán)相扣的問題,把學生的思維逐步引向深入,啟發(fā)學生思考、討論,激發(fā)了學生的興趣,提高了學生的閱讀能力,從而突破了教學的重點和難點,提高了教學效率。
2.本節(jié)課還需改正之處
(1)由于引入和閱讀時間超出預設范圍,導致時間分配上前松后緊,使得后面學生討論問題的時間不夠充裕。如果能夠給予學生更多的時間思考,學生的討論會更好地展開。
(2)在最后的討論中,閱讀的深入讓學生對文章有了更深入的理解。但由于時間關系,只讓兩位學生發(fā)表了自己的觀點,未能讓更多學生暢談。
參考文獻:
[1]教育部.普通高中英語課程標準[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2003.
[2]席玉虎.名師說課(新高一上)[M].北京:中國科學技術出版社,2006.
[3]任志鴻.高中同步導學大課堂[M].北京:華文出版社,2006.