非線性一階常微分方程解的存在惟一性

蔣玲芳

(西北師范大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)與信息科學(xué)學(xué)院,甘肅 蘭州 730070)

非線性一階常微分方程解的存在惟一性

蔣玲芳

(西北師范大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)與信息科學(xué)學(xué)院,甘肅 蘭州 730070)

討論了一類非線性一階常微分方程邊值問題解的存在惟一性.得到了當參數(shù)在一定的范圍取值時解存在惟一的充分條件,并包含了一些已知結(jié)果.主要結(jié)果基于Leray-Schauder非線性抉擇理論和Banach不動點定理.

一階非線性微分方程;存在性;惟一性;Leray-Schauder非線性抉擇; Banach不動點定理

1 引言及主要結(jié)果

許多物理現(xiàn)象都與微分方程的周期解密切相關(guān),從而周期邊值問題引起了許多作者的研究,見文獻[1-6]及所附文獻.特別地,2004年,文獻[5]在引理1中討論了一階周期邊值問題

解的存在性,當M＞0,則對任意的σ∈C[0,1],問題(*1)存在一個周期解.

反周期問題解的存在性等價于所研究問題倍周期變號解的存在性,因此,反周期問題解的存在性在近十幾年來也得到了許多學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注[710].特別地,2003年,文獻[8]研究了一階非線性微分方程反周期邊值問題

解的存在性.并得到了下面的結(jié)論.

則(*2)式至少存在一個解.

可見,周期解與反周期解存在密切的聯(lián)系,一個自然的問題,能否對周期邊值問題與反周期邊值問題間建立更一般的聯(lián)系?本文將給出一個統(tǒng)一的論述.利用Leray-Schauder非線性抉擇理論和Banach不動點定理考慮一階非線性微分方程

解的存在惟一性.其中,α∈?,ρ∈?,λ∈?為參數(shù),且α/=eρT.

注1當α=1時,(1)式為周期邊值問題;當α=-1時,(1)式為反周期邊值問題.本文的結(jié)論對周期[5]和反周期問題[8]同樣成立.

注2對于一階泛函微分方程:

其中λ∈?是參數(shù),a(·)∈C([0,T],[0,+∞)),b(·),τ(·)∈C([0,T],?),f,g∈C([0,T],?).其中Green函數(shù)G1(t,s)為:

當a,g,b滿足一定的條件時,本文的結(jié)論對(*)式仍然成立.

本文總假定:

(H)f:[0,T]×?→?為L1-Carathˊeodory函數(shù).即滿足:

(1)?x∈?,f(·,x)在[0,T]上可測;

(2)對幾乎所有的t∈[0,T],f(t,·)在?上連續(xù);

(3)?r＞0,?φr(t)∈L1[0,T].使得對幾乎所有的t∈[0,T]及x∈?,當‖u‖＜r時,有|f(t,u(t)|≤φr(t).

Leray-Schauder非線性抉擇理論:

定理A設(shè)B是Banach空間,E?B是有界閉凸集,若U是E中的相對開球,且θ∈U, S:fiU→E全連續(xù).則下面結(jié)論之一成立:

(a)S在fiU中至少存在一個不動點;

2 預(yù)備知識

3 主要結(jié)果的證明

由Banach不動點定理,算子A在X中存在唯一的不動點,即(1)式在X中存在惟一解.

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Existence and uniqueness of solutions for first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations

Jiang Lingfang

(College of Mathematics and Information Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China)

In this paper, we show the existence and uniqueness of solutions of first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation boundary value problem. The sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions are obtained when the parameter belongs to appropriate intervals, and we include some known results. The main results are based upon Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative theorem and Banach's fixed point theorem.

first-order nonlinear differential equation, existence, uniqueness,Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative,Banach′s fixed point theorem

O178

A

1008-5513(2012)02-0256-06

2011-06-29.

國家自然科學(xué)基金(10671158);甘肅省自然科學(xué)基金(3ZS051-A 25-016).

蔣玲芳(1989-),碩士生,研究方向：常微分方程邊值問題.

2010 MSC:15A42