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    沿途的景,旅人的詩(shī)

    2012-04-29 00:00:00ByEricJaffe/NormanXin
    新東方英語(yǔ) 2012年4期

    城市的地鐵與公交不僅僅是人們出行的交通工具,更是一個(gè)城市的文化展廳。且不說(shuō)這些公共交通場(chǎng)所里引人眼球的巨幅海報(bào)或電視節(jié)目所展現(xiàn)的城市文化,單單聊一聊這里流傳著的詩(shī)歌,便會(huì)讓人覺(jué)得妙趣橫生。本文摘取了世界公共交通場(chǎng)所中的八大優(yōu)秀詩(shī)歌,它們或選自名家之作,或來(lái)自普通乘客,都以或詼諧、或調(diào)侃、或抒情、或哀嘆的筆調(diào)寫(xiě)出了旅人們“在路上”的感受與心聲。

    There’s a well-known poetry installation1) in the New York City subway system called “A Commuter’s Lament, or a Close Shave2),” written by the late Norman Colp3). The poem reveals itself on a series of ceiling beams in the high-traffic tunnel connecting the Port Authority4) and Times Square subway stops. Depending on your outlook in life the poem is either a bleak “ode to futility and resignation,” as the New York Times City Room blog has called it, or an honest reflection of the tireless and tiresome daily commute:

    Overslept,/So tired./If late,/Get fired./Why bother?/Why the pain?/Just go home./Do it again.

    But then the poem got an unexpected line edit from a college student in the Bronx5) with a more upbeat6) perspective on things. “Overslept” became “Overexcited.” “Why the pain” became “Much to gain.” And so on. The culprit just wanted to make the city “a little bit of a happier place,” according to the Daily News. But Colp’s widow wasn’t too happy about the stunt—“why be optimistic?” she told the News—and neither was the city’s transit authority, which quickly restored the original wording.

    The incident got us thinking about transit poetry in general. There’s actually quite a lot of it: carved into station walls, lining the ad panels of train cars, graffitied onto bus stand walls, and so on. In no particular order, and with a slight preference for works with a transportation theme, here are some of our favorite transit poems from around the globe.

    New York 紐約

    “To You” by Walt Whitman7)

    Poetry in Motion8) graced cars of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority9) for 18 years, from 1992 to 2008, before giving way to a related program, Train of Thought, which itself gave way to M.T.A. house ads in late 2010. In March, 2011, there was talk of reviving Poetry in Motion— M.T.A. chief Jay Walder reportedly loves himself a good verse—but with Walder out now the program’s future is uncertain. Still New York City subway cars have housed a great many poems in the past, including these fitting lines from Whitman’s “Inscriptions,” in the 1891 edition of Leaves of Grass, via Poetry in Motion:

    STRANGER! if you, passing, meet me, and desire to speak to me,

    why should you not speak to me?

    And why should I not speak to you?

    Chicago 芝加哥

    “Taxi” by Elise Paschen10)

    The Chicago section of Poetry in Motion ran a 1996 poem by Elise Paschen, from her work Infidelities, about the joys of sitting in a traffic jam in the Loop with a love interest11). (Perhaps a subconscious reminder from the Chicago Transit Authority that sometimes public transportation is more efficient?) The work concludes:

    I’m not immune

    to your deft12) charm

    in one stalled car

    I’d like to take

    you as you are

    Philadelphia 費(fèi)城

    “Window” by Carl Sandburg13)

    One more work courtesy of14) Poetry in Motion, this time one that appeared on Philadelphia’s SEPTA15) system. It’s from a Carl Sandburg compilation called Chicago Poems, oddly enough, but evokes a joy of train travel that’s universal:

    Night from a railroad car window

    is a great, dark, soft thing

    broken across with slashes of light

    Los Angeles 洛杉磯

    “Out the Window” series by Marisela Norte

    Via Streetsblog L.A. we learn about a brand new effort to flash poetry on the television boxes along certain bus routes in Los Angeles. The poems were written by regular rider Marisela Norte, and they appear on video screens at five intersections; the one below can be found at the corner of Wilshire and Fairfax.

    blue pencils

    pomegranates16)

    where did your dreams take you last night

    San Francisco 舊金山

    “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” by Robert Frost17)

    In July, 2011, the blog Muni18) Diaries, which writes about travel along the “sometimes crappy19), sometimes efficient” transit system in San Francisco, posted a photo of a few lines from a Robert Frost gem20) scrawled onto the inside wall of a city bus stand. The anonymous scribbler doesn’t appear to have attributed21) the lines, and even messed up the first word (writing “And” for “But”), but as far as bus riders are concerned his or her heart was in the “write” place (see what we did there). Here is the poem’s final stanza in its entirety:

    The woods are lovely, dark and deep,

    But I have promises to keep,

    And miles to go before I sleep,

    And miles to go before I sleep.

    Washington, D.C. 華盛頓特區(qū)

    “The Wound Dresser” by Walt Whitman

    A few years back the Washington Metro began to carve poems into the stone walls of certain stops with the theme of caring for others. Part of this Whitman poem from Leaves of Grass was written into the north entrance of the Dupont Circle station. The selection omits the final two lines of verse:

    Thus in silence in dreams’ projections,

    Returning, resuming, I thread my way through the hospitals;

    The hurt and wounded I pacify with soothing hand,

    I sit by the restless all dark night—some are so young;

    Some suffer so much—I recall the experience sweet and sad ...

    “J’ai Dit Parfois” by Pierre Tilman

    A passenger on the Paris Metro snapped a shot of this Tilman poem somewhere between Abbesses and Chacirc;teau de Vincennes, calling it “a very welcome diversion from all the HM Jimmy Choo22) adverts.” She even bothered to provide a rough translation of the poem; it begins, provocatively23):

    I said sometimes

    I said yes

    I said no ...

    Which, as it happens, could serve as the default responses to the following transit questions: Does the train arrive on time? Would you prefer that it did? Do you expect that it will?

    Ernest Bryll

    The Wiersze w Metrze program began in 2008 with a general focus on modern European poetry, but in 2011 it narrowed the lens to contemporary Polish poets. This work by the decorated24) poet Ernest Bryll was translated into English by Elzbieta Wojcik-Leese. It begins:

    Why do we wake up every morning so exhausted

    As if each night we did not sleep a wink,

    How come our faces so grey, and our eyes so old,

    Why are we always in such a rush

    Norman Colp would no doubt approve.

    在紐約的地鐵系統(tǒng)中,有一個(gè)廣為人知的詩(shī)歌“展品”,詩(shī)的名字叫《一個(gè)通勤者的哀嘆,或者死里逃生》,作者是已故的諾曼·科爾普。這首詩(shī)被展示在連接港務(wù)局站和時(shí)報(bào)廣場(chǎng)站的快速交通隧道的平頂梁上。怎么理解這首詩(shī)取決于你的人生觀:既可以像《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》城市房間博客所稱呼的那樣將之理解為一首凄涼的“徒勞與無(wú)奈的頌歌”,也可以將之看成是對(duì)永不停息而又索然乏味的日常通勤的忠實(shí)寫(xiě)照:

    睡過(guò)了頭,/如此疲憊。/如果遲到,/就被辭退。/何苦費(fèi)力?/何必痛苦?/不妨回家,/從頭再來(lái)。

    但后來(lái),這首詩(shī)出人意料地被逐行篡改了。改詩(shī)的人是一位來(lái)自布朗克斯的大學(xué)生,他看待事物的視角無(wú)疑更為樂(lè)觀。“睡過(guò)了頭”被改成了“熱血沸騰”,“何必痛苦”改成了“收益良多”,如此等等。根據(jù)《每日新聞報(bào)》的報(bào)道,這位篡改者只不過(guò)是想給這個(gè)城市“稍稍增加點(diǎn)樂(lè)趣”。但科爾普的遺孀對(duì)這種噱頭很是不滿?!盀槭裁捶且獦?lè)觀不可呢?”她對(duì)《每日新聞報(bào)》說(shuō)。紐約市交通管理部門(mén)對(duì)此也不滿意,他們很快就恢復(fù)了原來(lái)的詩(shī)句。

    這件事促使我們對(duì)寫(xiě)于公交場(chǎng)所的詩(shī)歌進(jìn)行一番整體性思考。公交場(chǎng)所的詩(shī)歌其實(shí)很多,有的刻在石頭墻上,有的襯在火車車廂廣告牌里,還有的涂寫(xiě)在公共汽車站的墻壁上,不一而足。下面是我們從世界各地摘取的一些我們最喜愛(ài)的公交場(chǎng)所詩(shī)歌,排序不分先后,但稍稍傾向于那些關(guān)于交通主題的作品。

    《給你》,沃爾特·惠特曼

    從1992年到2008年的18年來(lái),“移動(dòng)的詩(shī)歌”一直在為大都會(huì)運(yùn)輸署的車輛增光添彩,直至被另一個(gè)相關(guān)項(xiàng)目“思緒的火車”所代替,而“思緒的火車”項(xiàng)目又于2010年下半年被大都會(huì)運(yùn)輸署自身的廣告所取代。2011年3月,有人提及要恢復(fù)“移動(dòng)的詩(shī)歌”。據(jù)說(shuō),大都會(huì)運(yùn)輸署署長(zhǎng)杰伊·華爾德本人就喜歡優(yōu)美的詩(shī)歌。但如今華爾德已不在任了,這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的前途如何就不得而知了。然而,紐約市地鐵車廂內(nèi)仍保留著過(guò)去留下的大量詩(shī)歌,其中包括通過(guò)“移動(dòng)的詩(shī)歌”項(xiàng)目展示的惠特曼的詩(shī)。下面這幾行文字就選自惠特曼1891年版《草葉集》中的《銘文》這一章節(jié),內(nèi)容十分切合交通場(chǎng)景:

    陌生人!如果你在經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)遇到我,

    想要和我交談,

    為什么你就不能和我交談呢?

    為什么我又不能和你交談呢?

    《出租車》,埃莉澤·帕申

    “移動(dòng)的詩(shī)歌”芝加哥部分采用了一首埃莉澤·帕申于1996年寫(xiě)的詩(shī),選自她的作品《不忠》,寫(xiě)的是在芝加哥魯普區(qū)乘坐出租車遭遇堵塞時(shí),和心儀之人坐在車?yán)镆黄鸬却臉?lè)趣。(莫非芝加哥交通局是在暗示人們公共運(yùn)輸有時(shí)效率更高?)詩(shī)的結(jié)尾是這樣的:

    在熄火的汽車?yán)?/p>

    對(duì)你靈動(dòng)的魅力

    我毫無(wú)抵抗力

    我甘愿接受

    你的一切

    《窗戶》,卡爾·桑德伯格

    這又是“移動(dòng)的詩(shī)歌”項(xiàng)目的一個(gè)杰作,這次是出現(xiàn)在費(fèi)城的東南賓夕法尼亞州運(yùn)輸署系統(tǒng)中的詩(shī)歌。這首詩(shī)摘自卡爾·桑德伯格編撰的《芝加哥詩(shī)集》。該詩(shī)聽(tīng)起來(lái)非常怪異,但卻能喚起人們?cè)诔嘶疖嚶眯袝r(shí)所普遍感受到的樂(lè)趣:

    火車窗外的夜

    是一個(gè)龐然大物,黑暗,柔軟

    一把把光的利劍將其砍斷

    《窗外》系列,瑪麗塞拉·諾特

    通過(guò)博客“洛杉磯街道”,我們了解到一個(gè)嶄新的嘗試,即在洛杉磯某些公交線路沿途的電視屏幕上展示詩(shī)歌。詩(shī)的作者是經(jīng)常乘坐公交車的瑪麗塞拉·諾特,詩(shī)歌在五個(gè)交叉路口旁的電視大屏幕上投放。下面這首詩(shī)出現(xiàn)在威爾希爾大街和費(fèi)爾法克斯大街的交叉口:

    藍(lán)色鉛筆

    石榴

    昨晚你們?cè)趬?mèng)中去了哪里

    《雪夜林邊小駐》,羅伯特·弗羅斯特

    博客“市政日記”主要撰寫(xiě)關(guān)于乘坐舊金山市公交系統(tǒng)的旅途感想,稱其“有時(shí)很糟糕,有時(shí)效率很高”。2011年7月,該博客發(fā)布了一張照片,照片上是從羅伯特·弗羅斯特的一首杰作中摘取的幾行詩(shī),不知被誰(shuí)涂鴉在一個(gè)公交站內(nèi)的墻上。這位不知名的涂鴉者似乎沒(méi)有注明這首詩(shī)的作者,甚至連第一個(gè)詞都搞錯(cuò)了(將And寫(xiě)成了But)。但是就乘車者而言,這位涂鴉者是用心在寫(xiě)的,感情是無(wú)“寫(xiě)”可擊的(你瞧我這詞用的)。(譯注:作者這里在玩文字游戲,原本是in the right place,卻寫(xiě)成in the write place。)下面是這首詩(shī)完整的最后一節(jié):

    樹(shù)林可愛(ài)、幽暗而又深邃,

    但我還有承諾要去兌現(xiàn),

    在睡覺(jué)之前我還要走很遠(yuǎn)很遠(yuǎn),

    在睡覺(jué)之前我還要走很遠(yuǎn)很遠(yuǎn)。

    《傷口包扎者》,沃爾特·惠特曼

    幾年前,華盛頓地鐵公司開(kāi)始在某些車站的石頭墻上雕刻詩(shī)歌,主題是關(guān)愛(ài)他人。杜邦環(huán)島站北入口處就刻了惠特曼《草葉集》里的一首詩(shī),只刻了詩(shī)的一部分。摘選部分省略了詩(shī)歌的最后兩行:

    就這樣,在沉默中,在夢(mèng)幻般的現(xiàn)實(shí)中,

    我回來(lái)了,又干起了老本行,穿梭在一家家醫(yī)院里;

    用撫慰的手去安慰傷者的傷痛,

    在漆黑的夜晚我通宵坐在煩躁的傷者旁——他們有些人是那么年輕;

    有些人是那么痛苦 ——我記起這段甜蜜又憂傷的經(jīng)歷……

    《我說(shuō)有時(shí)候》,皮埃爾·特爾曼

    巴黎地鐵的一位乘客在阿貝斯站和文森城堡站之間的某個(gè)地方抓拍到了這首特爾曼的詩(shī)歌,稱其“挺解悶的,尤其是能讓人從鋪天蓋地的HM以及周仰杰鞋業(yè)廣告中解脫出來(lái)”。她甚至還不嫌麻煩地提供了一個(gè)大致的譯文。這首詩(shī)的開(kāi)頭就很煽情:

    我說(shuō)有時(shí)候

    我說(shuō)是的

    我說(shuō)不……

    這首詩(shī)正好可以用作對(duì)如下交通問(wèn)題的默認(rèn)回答:地鐵能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)嗎?你希望它準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)嗎?你覺(jué)得它能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)嗎?

    歐內(nèi)斯特·布里爾

    “地鐵上的詩(shī)歌”項(xiàng)目始于2008年,一般以展示現(xiàn)代歐洲詩(shī)歌為主,但在2011年將范圍縮小,僅限于當(dāng)代波蘭詩(shī)人。下面這首詩(shī)是授勛詩(shī)人歐內(nèi)斯特·布里爾的作品,由埃爾貝塔·沃杰???里斯譯成英文。詩(shī)的開(kāi)頭是這樣的:

    為什么每天早晨醒來(lái)我們?nèi)绱似v

    仿佛每個(gè)夜晚都沒(méi)有合眼,

    為什么我們的面孔如此灰暗,眼睛如此蒼老,

    為什么我們總是如此匆匆

    對(duì)詩(shī)中所說(shuō),諾曼·科爾普無(wú)疑會(huì)表示贊同。

    1.installation [#716;#618;nst#601;#712;le#618;#643;n] n. 藝術(shù)展覽,(由多幅圖片或多個(gè)物體組合而成的)藝術(shù)作品

    2.close shave:幸免于難,僥幸脫險(xiǎn)

    3.Norman Colp:諾曼·科爾普(1945~2007),美國(guó)當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家。文中提到的詩(shī)歌寫(xiě)于1991年。

    4.Port Authority:紐約港務(wù)局

    5.Bronx:布朗克斯,紐約市最北端的一區(qū)

    6.upbeat [#712;#652;pbi#720;t] adj. 歡快的,樂(lè)觀的

    7.Walt Whitman:沃爾特·惠特曼(1819~1892),美國(guó)著名詩(shī)人、人文主義者。其代表詩(shī)集為《草葉集》(Leaves of Grass)。這里的《給你》(“To You”)選自《草葉集》第一章《銘文》(“Inscriptions”)。

    8.Poetry in Motion:“移動(dòng)的詩(shī)歌”項(xiàng)目,始于1992年,由美國(guó)大都會(huì)運(yùn)輸署與美國(guó)詩(shī)歌協(xié)會(huì)聯(lián)合推行,主要負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)展公共交通系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的詩(shī)歌展示。

    9.Metropolitan Transportation Authority:大都會(huì)運(yùn)輸署,紐約交通管理機(jī)構(gòu),英文縮寫(xiě)為M.T.A.。

    10.Elise Paschen:埃莉澤·帕申,詩(shī)人,“移動(dòng)的詩(shī)歌”項(xiàng)目的創(chuàng)始人和編輯

    11.love interest:心儀之人

    12.deft [deft] adj. 靈巧的

    13.Carl Sandburg:卡爾·桑德伯格(1878~1967),美國(guó)作家、編輯,其作品以詩(shī)歌最為著名,曾三次獲得普利策獎(jiǎng),代表作為下文提到的《芝加哥詩(shī)集》(Chicago Poems)。

    14.courtesy of:由……提供

    15.SEPTA:東南賓夕法尼亞州運(yùn)輸署,英文全稱為Southeast Pennsylvania Transportation Authority,主要管理費(fèi)城及其周邊的公共交通事務(wù)。

    16.pomegranate [#712;p#594;m#618;ɡraelig;n#618;t] n. 石榴

    17.Robert Frost:羅伯特·弗羅斯特(1874~1963),20世紀(jì)最受歡迎的美國(guó)詩(shī)人。他曾四次獲得普利策獎(jiǎng),并多次獲得其他獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)及榮譽(yù),被稱為美國(guó)文學(xué)中的桂冠詩(shī)人,留下了《未曾選擇的路》(The Road Not Taken)、《雪夜林邊小駐》(Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening)等許多膾炙人口的作品。

    18.Muni [#712;mju#720;n#618;] adj. 市政的

    19.crappy [#712;kraelig;pi] adj. 糟糕的,令人厭惡的

    20.gem [d#658;em] n. 珍品

    21.attribute [#601;#712;tr#618;bju#720;t] vt. 認(rèn)為……屬于

    22.Jimmy Choo:一個(gè)世界知名的鞋子品牌,其品牌名稱為著名華裔鞋子設(shè)計(jì)師周仰杰的英文名,該品牌受到好萊塢明星的熱捧。

    23.provocatively [pr#601;#712;v#594;k#601;t#618;vli] adv. 煽情地

    24.decorate [#712;dek#601;re#618;t] vt. 給……授勛

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