小屋，悉尼，澳大利亞

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：多米尼克·阿爾瓦羅

小屋是一個(gè)極為緊湊的混凝土豎向住宅，融合在悉尼薩里山的城市肌理中。地段很小，甚至于可以塞進(jìn)典型郊區(qū)住宅7m×6m的車庫(kù)里。小屋的哲學(xué)在于向上發(fā)展，而不是向四周擴(kuò)張，通過(guò)給單一空間分配多種用途、并考慮未來(lái)使用功能的可變靈活性來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。

具有靈活可變性的單一空間可以細(xì)分為多個(gè)區(qū)域：

·首層：設(shè)備/儲(chǔ)物/自行車/停車；

·二層：臥室/衛(wèi)浴，存儲(chǔ)；

·三層：起居（包含可選的臥室區(qū)）；

·四層：廚房/餐廳/娛樂(lè)；

·屋頂：“會(huì)工作的”屋頂花園露臺(tái)（交通空間在屋頂上營(yíng)造出一個(gè)小書(shū)房，向外敞開(kāi)的推拉門(mén)使得屋頂變成小屋的第5個(gè)房間——盡管這是個(gè)室外的房間和花園，園里種著有雨篷效果的巨大的無(wú)花果樹(shù)）。

各樓層通過(guò)一系列預(yù)制樓梯連通，它們和屋頂?shù)耐评T(mén)一起發(fā)揮拔風(fēng)的作用，將垂直通風(fēng)最大化。雖然密實(shí)的立面保證了其置身商業(yè)建筑之中的私密性和良好的熱工性能，巨大的推拉窗還是使采光、通風(fēng)最大化，并成為城市風(fēng)光的取景框。貫通每層的服務(wù)豎井，將所有的設(shè)備和附加存儲(chǔ)空間聯(lián)系起來(lái)。

銘記在心的環(huán)保意識(shí)（和相對(duì)緊張的預(yù)算），使建立在預(yù)制模式上的建造革新勢(shì)在必行。兩個(gè)基本的想法是：小屋應(yīng)該是沒(méi)有柱子的，以充分利用有限的面積；另外，要達(dá)到的最終效果是讓人感覺(jué)建筑不是由單塊板拼成的，因?yàn)槟菢訒?huì)使房子顯得單薄。

工程專家和顧問(wèn)的集體合作和參與，促成了建筑從方案到建成的進(jìn)程?；舅悸肥穷A(yù)想整個(gè)方案，使得盡量多的元件可以在工廠里預(yù)制。整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)（包括樓板）全部由高質(zhì)量的混凝土預(yù)制而成，這些都在地段外進(jìn)行，而現(xiàn)場(chǎng)裝配只要4天時(shí)間。墻和樓地板上為樓梯、欄桿、窗戶、燈具預(yù)留了空間，使現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工時(shí)間縮至最短，也減少了施工對(duì)周圍鄰居的打擾。Low-E玻璃的使用也減少了建筑對(duì)空調(diào)的依賴。

小屋探索了當(dāng)前城市生活空間的一種新的類型，同時(shí)，還反映了充滿多樣性和創(chuàng)造性的當(dāng)代生活方式；而其造價(jià)僅相當(dāng)于一套城市公寓。就地段環(huán)境來(lái)說(shuō)，小屋在臨近街區(qū)中營(yíng)造了一種安全怡人的氛圍，同時(shí)也讓街景更加完整?，F(xiàn)在，小屋已經(jīng)成為悉尼建筑參觀路線中的重要組成部分，它的建筑實(shí)體和場(chǎng)所感受到人們稱贊。

隨著城市規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)張，小屋提供了一種人們可以負(fù)擔(dān)的在內(nèi)城生活的方式，更重要的是，它可以使你不必應(yīng)付緊張的日常通勤?！酰▍菨嵙?譯）

1 夜景/Night view

2 鳥(niǎo)瞰/Aerial view

3 外景/Exterior view

4 屋頂平面/Roof plan

5 四層平面/Third floor plan

6 三層平面/Second floor plan

7 二層平面/First floor plan

8 首層平面/Ground floor plan

Small house is an ultra-compact concrete vertical house that adds to the urban fabric of inner city Surry Hills in Sydney. The site is so small it can fit into the garage of your typical sprawling suburban home (7m×6m). The philosophy of small house proposes to build upwards rather than outwards,by assigning multiple uses to single spaces, with flexibility for change in the future.

With flexibility for change a single space can be subdivided into multiple zones:

·Ground floor: utility/store/bicycle/parking

·First floor: sleeping/bathing, storage

·Second floor: living (with optional additional zone for sleeping)

·Third floor: food prep/eating/entertainment

·Roof: a "working" roof garden terrace (the circulation space enables a small study on the roof space, and the panel sliding doors open to enable the roof to become the 5th room of the housealbeit an outdoor room and herb, flower garden with over-scaled fig tree; thus creating a canopy effect ).

The floors are connected by a series of prefabricated stairs－these draw air out through each level via roof-top sliding doors, maximizing vertical cross-ventilation. The large sliding windows maximise daylight, ventilation and frame city views; whilst the solidity ensures privacy from surrounding commercial buildings and good thermal mass. A services riser connecting each level enables the reticulation of all services and additional storage.

With an eco-conscious spirit in mind (and relatively modest budget), innovation was required for the construction, based upon a model of pre-fabrication. The two basic ideas were a structure with no columns to make effective use of the limited land area, and to achieve a final result which erased the sense of individual panels－in effect to make the building feel monolithic.

The collaboration and integration of all specialist engineers and consultants fuelled the project to existence. The philosophy was to preplan the entire project so that as many components could be pre-made in the factory. The structure, built entirely from high quality precast concrete (including floors), was fabricated off-site, and erected on site over a four day period. Wall and floor panels, cast in provisions for stairs, balustrades, windows, light fittings, and the like produced off-site, minimised on-site construction time and disturbance to the surrounding neighbourhood. Low-E comfort plus glazing, also reduces the reliance on mechanical airconditioning.

Small house investigates a new typology in the current urban living space, whilst still reflecting a contemporary lifestyle full of diversity and creativity; all for the cost of a city apartment.Locally, Small House has created a sense of safety and amenity in its immediate precinct and has completed the streetscape. Today, Small House,its architecture and sense of place, is appreciated by onlookers forming part of the Sydney City Architecture Walking routes.

As the sizes of cities continue to sprawl endlessly, Small House proposes an affordable way to live in the inner city and most importantly avoids the need to cope with the gruelling commute.□(圖片提供/Images courtesy: World Architecture Festival)

建造者/Builder: Nicholas Bettar, Baseline Constructions環(huán)境工程師/Environmental Engineer: Domenic Alvaro

木工承建商/Joinery Contractor: Karisma Joinery景觀設(shè)計(jì)師/Landscape Architect: Daniel Baffsky,360 Degrees

照明顧問(wèn)/Lighting Consultant: DJCoalition

預(yù)制顧問(wèn)/Precast Consultant: Hanson Precast

結(jié)構(gòu)工程師/Structural Engineer: Waterman International所獲獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)/Award: 2011年世界建筑節(jié)住宅建筑獎(jiǎng)/2011 WAF－House Winner

評(píng)語(yǔ)

這個(gè)項(xiàng)目建造在悉尼巷道中難度很大的地段上，在許多層面上展示出相對(duì)其他競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者的優(yōu)秀之處。該項(xiàng)目從概念到執(zhí)行中，使用了許多在大規(guī)模商業(yè)建筑中更為典型的建造技術(shù)，以回應(yīng)其在物質(zhì)條件和預(yù)算上的限制。

Jury Citation

Built on a difficult laneway site in Sydney, more than any other contender this project demonstrated commitment and excellence on many levels. From the concept right through to execution, employing construction techniques more typically used on large scale commercial projects in response to physical and budget constraints.