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      英漢旅游景點介紹文本對比與翻譯

      2011-10-12 09:06:04馬國志
      天津商務職業(yè)學院學報 2011年1期
      關鍵詞:旅游景點英漢景點

      馬國志

      天津對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易職業(yè)學院,天津 300221

      英漢旅游景點介紹文本對比與翻譯

      馬國志

      天津對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易職業(yè)學院,天津 300221

      旅游景點文本涵蓋了旅游景觀的歷史淵源、風格特色、景觀價值等內(nèi)容,目的是使游客了解景區(qū)在人文、歷史和自然景觀方面的知識,激發(fā)游覽興趣。英、漢民族不同的文化傳統(tǒng)、思維方式和審美習慣形成了不同的語言特點。英語句式構架嚴整、表達思維縝密、行文注重邏輯性、用詞強調簡潔自然;漢語行文講究四六駢體、結構整齊、用詞華美、音韻和諧。在英漢旅游文本翻譯過程中,譯者要突出其文本功能,確保譯文信息傳遞的準確性和完整性。因此,旅游文本譯文要做到客觀準確、明白易懂,并且具有可讀性。

      景點介紹文本;對比;翻譯

      一、引言

      旅游景點介紹是涵蓋旅游景觀的歷史淵源、風格特色、景觀價值等內(nèi)容的文字性介紹。旅游景觀主要包括人文古跡、自然風景和自然人文綜合景觀等三類。其中人文古跡景觀介紹以歷史淵源和文化特色為主要內(nèi)容;山水風景介紹強調優(yōu)美的景色;自然人文綜合景觀將二者融合在一起,包括地理位置、地貌結構、歷史沿革、景物特色和綜合價值等。旅游景點文本是為了增加游客在人文、歷史和自然景觀方面的知識,增強游覽的興趣。在英漢旅游文本的翻譯過程中,譯者要根據(jù)目的語的句式結構和行文特點做出必要的調整,使譯文符合目的語讀者的認知習慣和審美要求。

      二、英漢旅游景點文本對比

      (一)共同之處

      英漢景點介紹文本目的在于向游客客觀、準確地介紹景點的歷史風貌、景色特點、景觀價值等內(nèi)容,兩種文本共同之處如下。

      1.文字簡潔明了。一般來說,景點介紹所用的文字簡潔明了,沒有很多華麗的詞藻,但力求準確生動,時常運用一些專有名詞或術語進行說明,專業(yè)性較強。

      例1)黃山位于安徽省南部。風景名勝區(qū)面積154平方公里,是一座綜合峰、石、松、云、泉等各種罕見景觀的風景區(qū),奇峰、怪石、云海、溫泉被稱為黃山的“四絕”,馳名天下。這里春、下、秋、冬四季風景各異,無愧“人間仙境”之美譽。

      譯文:The Huangshan Mountain,which is located in southern Anhui Province and covers a scenic area of 154 square kilometers,is full of miraculous scenic spots celebrated for its peaks,rocks,pines,clouds and fountains.The renowned Four Wonders of the Huangshan Mountain are the spectacular peaks,odd-shaped rocks,warm fountains and seas of cloud.It is well-known as the “fairy land on earth”for its diversity of sceneries in the four seasons.

      例2)Do you wonder what it is like up at the top of Yosemite Falls,before the water spills over the brink? The Falls begins as snow in the granite reaches of Yosemite wilderness.When the snow melts each spring,Yosemite Creek transforms into a freefalling torrent.Watch the comets of spray.Hear the water roar.And from the Lower Fall Bridge,feel the shower of lifetime!

      譯文:你想知道在水飛濺到懸崖邊緣之前,約塞米蒂瀑布頂端是什么眼的嗎?最初,瀑布是位于約塞米蒂荒原上大片花崗巖中的積雪。每當春天積雪融化之時,約塞米蒂溪就變成一條洶涌奔騰的急流。觀賞飛霧噴濺。聆聽洪水咆哮。從瀑底大橋上感受生命之??!

      2.內(nèi)容客觀平實。旅游景點文本主要是客觀介紹景點的歷史淵源、景物特色、結構風貌等情況,一般不帶強烈的感情色彩,內(nèi)容客觀平實。

      例3)The Ancient Palace is rectangular in shape which covers 720,000 square meters in size.There are 9,999 and a half of halls,rooms and pavilions.The built-up area is about 160,000 square meters.The palace is guarded by the high peach blow walls which is about 3,400 meters in length.And with a moat of about 52 meters wide,4.1 meters deep around the palace.At each of the four corners stands a pavilion.There opens a gate in the middle of the wall on each side named the south gate,the north gate,the east gate and the west gate respectively and above each gate stands a gate pavilions.The whole Ancient Palace looks like a strongly fortified castle.

      譯文:紫禁城平面呈長方形,占地72萬平方米,有殿宇樓閣9999間半。建筑面積約16萬平方米。紫紅色的宮墻長3,400米。四面正中設城門4座,上建城門樓閣,南為午門,北為神武門、東為東華門、西為西華門,城垣外環(huán)繞寬52米、深4.1米的護城河,四角各建一座角樓,猶如壁壘森嚴的城堡。

      (二)不同之處

      英、漢民族生活的地理環(huán)境、歷史條件、生產(chǎn)方式、社會結構等狀況各異,形成了不同的文化傳統(tǒng)、思維方式和審美習慣。西方傳統(tǒng)哲學思維具有“天人各一”,偏重理性、突出個性的特點。這種趨勢反映到語言表達形式上,就出現(xiàn)了英語重形式、重寫實、重理性的特點,形成了其句式構架嚴整、表達思維縝密、行文注重邏輯性、用詞強調簡潔自然的風格。相比之下,在主觀情理與客觀物象的關系上,漢民族突出通過物象表現(xiàn)情理、強調客觀融入主觀,喜歡托物寄情、遺形寫神。反映在語言表達形式上,漢語行文講究四六駢體、用字凝練含蓄、音韻和諧的傳統(tǒng)和習慣。

      1.英語用語簡略VS漢語言辭華美。英語景點介紹文本大多風格簡約,表達直觀通俗,注重信息的準確性和語言的實用性,常常用客觀的具象羅列來傳達景物之美。而漢語文本則講究四言八句,言辭華美,追求客觀景物與主觀情感的和諧交融之美,大量使用對偶平行結構和四字句,以求行文工整、音韻和諧。

      例4)桂林的山,平地拔起,百媚千嬌,像高聳云霄的奇花巨葩,盛開在錦繡江南;漓江的水,澄明清澈,晶瑩碧綠,恰似翡翠玉帶,逶迤在奇峰秀山之間。

      譯文:Guilin is surrounded by abrupt rock hills rising straight out of the ground.The hills have a myriad of forms,some graceful,others grotesque.A-mong them winds the flowing Lijiang River which holds a mirror to them.

      例5)The youngest of the Rocky Mountains,the Teton Range is a spectacular sight.Enhanced by glaciers,deep canyons,snowfields,and lakes,the range shoots up suddenly,with no foothills around it.

      譯文:雖為落基山山脈中之最小,提頓山卻氣宇非凡。它拔地而起,絕壁凌空,冰川映雪地,髙峽出平湖,景色蔚為壯觀。

      2.英語句式嚴謹VS漢語語句松散。英語注重“形合”,講究句式結構的邏輯層次和有機組合,反映出英語表達邏輯嚴謹、思維縝密的美學特點。而漢語注重意合,句子結構比較松散、自由,常常靠意境將篇章內(nèi)容串聯(lián)起來。

      例 6)Crisscrossed by ferries and carpeted with yachts on weekends,Sydney Harbor is both the city playground and a major port.Its multiple sandstone headlands,dramatic cliffs,rocky islands and stunning bays and beaches make it one of the beautiful stretches of water in the world,and offer a close-up of Aussie beach culture and its best.

      譯文:悉尼港是悉尼市的游樂場所和主要港口,周末無數(shù)的渡船和游艇穿梭于此。它多樣的砂巖岬角、引人矚目的懸崖峭壁、多巖石的島嶼、美麗的海灣和海灘使它成為世界上最美麗的連綿海域,淋漓盡致地突顯了澳大利亞的海濱文化。

      例7)嶗山,林木蒼翠,繁花似錦,到處生機盎然。其中,更不乏古樹名木。景區(qū)內(nèi),古樹名木近300株,50%以上為國家一類保護植物,著名的有銀杏、檜柏等。

      譯文:Laoshan Scenic Area is thickly covered with trees of many species,which add credit for its scenery.Among them over 300 are considered rare and precious,half of which are plants under statetop-level protection.The most famous species include ginglo and cypress.

      3.英語客觀具體VS漢語情感渲染。英語景點文本表達精細深刻,描繪直觀可感,具有一種明快酣暢之美。漢語景點文本用詞大多寬泛深遠,行文華麗多彩,主觀色彩濃厚,因而景物刻畫不求明晰,多帶模糊思維的痕跡。

      例8)黃山自古云成海,流動在千峰萬壑之中,浩瀚天際,壯麗非凡。峰尖浮海,猶如孤嶼,時隱時現(xiàn),似見非見,瞬息萬變,氣象萬千。變幻莫測的云海與朝霞、落日相映,色彩斑斕,壯美瑰麗。

      譯文:The clouds float over the mountain and among its peaks and gullies like a sea in which the peaks from time to time appear and disappear,often in the twinkling of a moment,like isolated small island.The cloud sea is even more splendid at sunrise and sunset.

      例9)Look into the distance and you will have a nice view of the White Swan Pond in the Pearl River and boats up and down the river with the bright moon and twinkling stars in the sky.

      譯文:夜晚,憑欄遠望珠江上的白鵝潭,皓月當空,繁星閃閃,舟楫如梭,鵝潭美景,一覽無余。

      三、旅游文本翻譯的常用方法

      旅游景點介紹屬于“信息型文本”,其目的在于向游客傳遞景點的歷史風貌、景色特點、景觀價值等內(nèi)容。在翻譯過程中,譯者要突出其文本功能,確保譯文信息傳遞的準確性和完整性。因此,旅游文本譯文要做到客觀準確、明白易懂,并且具有可讀性。

      (一)適當增譯

      在翻譯時根據(jù)目的語的語義、修辭或句式的需要,譯者適當增加一些詞語,將原文的內(nèi)涵加以引申,使譯文更加清晰流暢,貼近目的語讀者的欣賞習慣和閱讀心理。

      例10)三官殿里有一株茶花樹,在寒冬臘月開出一樹鮮花,璀璨如錦,因此又名“耐冬”。

      譯文:There is a camellia tree in the Sanguan Palace blooming fully in midwinter,so it is called Naidong,meaning it can stand bitter cold winters.

      例11)Four decades the kingdom of Bhutan has nurtured its image as the world’s last Shangri-la.Nestled in the Himalayas,it is a jewel of environmental preservation.Its pristine forests,sparkling,icy peaks and rare flora and fauna have caused the World Wildlife Fund to dub Bhutan“one of the ecological wonders of the world”.

      譯文:幾十年來,不丹王國保持著全球最后一個“世外桃源”的形象。這個被喜馬拉雅山環(huán)抱的王國是環(huán)境保護的一顆明珠。它原始森林連片,中年為冰雪覆蓋的山峰,在太陽光下,晶瑩閃亮,珍奇動植物在這里繁衍生長。世界野生動物保護基金會把不丹譽為“世界生態(tài)保護的一個奇跡”。

      (二)適當省譯

      中文景點介紹往往會引用詩詞、古典文獻加以強調渲染,使文章更富于文采,也能引起中國游客的旅游興趣。然而,對于了解中國傳統(tǒng)文化較少的外國游客來說,這種引用并不一定能引起共鳴。因此,在旅游景點文本英譯過程中,譯者要考慮到目的語讀者的背景知識水平,必要時可以將古詩詞、典故省去不譯。

      例12)正中位置是一座典型的土家吊腳樓,一架梯子搭在屋邊,屋角掛著成串的玉米和辣椒。樓的左邊是小橋流水,樓的右邊是良田美池,一農(nóng)夫正在扶犁耕田。真是好一幅“小橋流水人家”的美麗畫卷。

      譯文:The middle of it is a typical Tujia suspended house,a ladder is against the wall of the house.Bunches of corns and hot peppers are hung on the corner of the house.There is a bridge with water running under it on the left,and fertile farmland and a pool are behind the house.A farmer is ploughing the land.What a beautiful landscape painting.

      例13)湛山寺山門一對石獅子,雕鑿精細。寺外建有“藥師琉璃光如來寶塔”,簡稱“藥師塔”。

      譯文:In front of the gate of Zhanshansi Temple stand a pair of exquisitely carved stone lions.By the side of the temple there stands the Yaoshita Pagoda(the Druggist Pagoda).

      (三)結構調整

      英語旅游景點文本通常信息量很大,句式結構復雜嚴謹。在翻譯過程中,譯者往往需要根據(jù)漢語意合的原則,調整原文的語句結構,化繁為簡、化整為零,確保譯文準確流暢,符合目的語讀者的閱讀習慣。

      例 14)Here in New Hampshire there are many opportunities to find a peaceful spot hidden among the lush forests of tall evergreens and hare-woods or next to a rambling brook or pictorial lake.

      譯文:新罕布爾什州森林茂密,綠樹常青,小溪蜿蜒曲折,湖邊風景如畫,到處都是寧靜的好去處。

      例15)The sky reflected in the water turned the Seine into a lovely shade of blue which trembled in the hazy sunshine filtering through leafy branches of the trees lining the river’s edge.

      譯文:天空映照在水面上,給塞納河染上了一層怡人的藍色;朦朧的陽光透過兩岸枝繁葉茂的樹木,照得河水碧波蕩漾。

      (四)適當編譯

      在漢語旅游景點文本英譯中,譯者在不損害原語信息的情況下,根據(jù)英語的行文方式和句式結構進行必要的改造和調整,使得英譯文內(nèi)容完整、層次清晰,符合英美讀者的認知方式和閱讀習慣。

      例16)滿樹金花、芳香四溢的金桂;花白如雪、香氣撲鼻的銀桂;紅里透黃、花朵味濃的紫砂桂;花色似銀、季季有花的四季桂;競相開放,爭艷媲美。進入桂林公園,陣陣桂香撲鼻而來。

      譯文:The Park of Sweet Osmanthus is noted for its profusion of osmanthus trees.Flowers from these trees in different colors are in full bloom which pervade the whole garden with the fragrance of their blossoms.

      例17)上海博物館有館藏珍貴文物12萬件,包括青銅器、陶瓷器了、書法、繪畫、雕塑、家具、玉牙器、竹木漆器、甲骨、璽印、錢幣、少數(shù)民族工藝等21個門類,其中青銅器、陶瓷器和書畫為館藏三大特色。

      譯文:With bronze ware,ceramics and paintings and works of calligraphy as its distinctive collections,Shanghai Museum boasts 120,000 pieces of rare and precious cultural relics in 21 categories,including bronze ware,ceramics,calligraphy,paintings,sculpture,furniture,jade and ivory carvings,bamboo and wood carvings,lacquer ware,oracle bones,seals, coins,and handicrafts of ethnic art.

      [1]李運興.語篇翻譯引論[M].北京:中國對外翻譯出版公司,2001.

      [2]連淑能.英漢對比研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1993.

      [3]王治奎.大學英漢翻譯教程[M].濟南:山東大學出版社,2000.

      [4]朱微.漢英翻譯教程[M].重慶:重慶大學出版社,2004.

      [5]Halliday,Hassan Cohesion in English[M].London:Longman,1976.

      責任編輯:張 旭 王春艷

      Scenic Spot Texts'Comparative Analysis and Translation in English and Chinese

      MA Guo-zhi
      (Tianjin Institute of Foreign Economic Relation and Trade,Tianjin 300221)

      Scenic spot texts include history,style,landscape value and other content and the purpose is to help visitors understand the cultural and historic and scenic landscape knowledge and stimulate their interest.For the people in England and the people in China,there are many differences in life style,geographical environment,historical conditions,production and social structure in which established the different culture and way of thinking and habits,and reflected in the respective language features.Therefore,in the translation of the scenic spot texts,the translator should ensure the translation information on the accuracy and completeness.The translation must be objective and accurate,understandable and readable.

      scenic spot texts;comparative analysis;translation

      H315.9

      A

      1008-9055(2011)01-0064-04

      2010-12-30

      馬國志(1970— ),男,漢族,天津市人,天津對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易職業(yè)學院講師,翻譯師,中國翻譯協(xié)會會員。研究方向:商務英語翻譯和寫作。

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