M2地鐵站，洛桑，瑞士

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：伯納德·屈米建筑師事務(wù)所，M+V梅里尼和溫圖拉建筑師事務(wù)所

1 車站全景/General view(攝影/Photo: Peter Mauss/Esto)

地面部分

M2交通樞紐站的籌劃建設(shè)歷時(shí)長(zhǎng)久，經(jīng)過(guò)3期不同的工程。1990年代初期，伯納德·屈米建筑師事務(wù)所與盧卡·梅里尼共同參加了弗隆河谷再開發(fā)項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽，在他們的“橋—城市”方案中設(shè)計(jì)了一系列凌駕弗隆河谷地區(qū)上空并有居住功能的橋。當(dāng)弗隆河谷的再開發(fā)計(jì)劃最終因資金不足而遭擱置時(shí)，當(dāng)?shù)氐慕煌ㄖ鞴懿块T卻找到了伯納德·屈米、M+V盧卡·梅里尼和伊曼紐爾·溫圖拉建筑師事務(wù)所，邀請(qǐng)他們共同設(shè)計(jì)一座新的換乘車站。車站的一期工程于2001年竣工，建設(shè)內(nèi)容包括一座以紅色印刷玻璃為主要特征的輕軌站、一座新的人行天橋，以及若干通道，用于連接位于歐洲廣場(chǎng)附近的弗隆河谷地區(qū)。

二期工程的任務(wù)則包括在建成的交通樞紐綜合體中新增一處售票點(diǎn)、安裝若干扶手電梯及增設(shè)一座地鐵站。二期工程新建筑的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)鮮明，覆蓋著綠色屋頂?shù)幕炷涟逭郫B的外觀令人矚目，還有一條長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的人行步道。在滿足設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)的同時(shí)，這座建筑也進(jìn)一步向西延伸了一期工程的空間，在城市的中心地帶形成了更多的交通換乘節(jié)點(diǎn)。

作為換乘站的主要售票處，這座建筑需要傳達(dá)出換乘站管理處的公眾形象和更廣泛意義上的城市形象。設(shè)計(jì)方案的主要表現(xiàn)因素是折疊狀的混凝土板，看起來(lái)猶如廣場(chǎng)上的一小片地面被翻折起來(lái)，又向背后彎折，由此形成了東側(cè)的售票處和西側(cè)通往地下層的人行步道。這種突然斷裂和折疊的設(shè)計(jì)手法是對(duì)洛桑所處地形及其所在阿爾卑斯山脈歷史地貌的一種追憶。屋頂和西側(cè)的墻體表面為大片的植被綠毯所覆蓋，除了能夠體現(xiàn)出業(yè)主對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的關(guān)注之外（包括采用了瑞士能源標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——與美國(guó)綠色建筑認(rèn)證類似的評(píng)價(jià)體系），它同時(shí)也銜接了一期工程與二期工程的空間。方案還設(shè)計(jì)了一處橢圓形的下沉空間，其中包含一條狹長(zhǎng)的景觀帶，由此為地下輕軌引入了自然光線。建筑內(nèi)部也設(shè)有一些交通管理部門的辦公室，設(shè)計(jì)上兼顧了私密性和自然采光。

折疊的設(shè)計(jì)策略滿足了項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)要求：主要的結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)力體現(xiàn)在混凝土板上，它看起來(lái)猶如廣場(chǎng)表面被切走的一小塊又復(fù)折回，掀起的“薄片”側(cè)面覆以玻璃。這座建筑以堅(jiān)固的工業(yè)材料建造，細(xì)部設(shè)計(jì)也與主要換乘樞紐的大規(guī)模交通流量相稱。

地下部分

歐洲廣場(chǎng)的下方正是新建的M2地鐵與LEB（洛桑－埃沙朗－貝爾謝）通勤鐵路的交匯點(diǎn)，與之毗鄰的M1地鐵也匯合于此。各條區(qū)域鐵路線與公交線路分布在臨近的交通設(shè)施中。規(guī)劃中的有軌電車也正處于研究階段，該地段對(duì)洛桑市交通運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的意義也由此變得更為重要了。因此，車站地下部分的規(guī)劃也與地面部分一樣，必須進(jìn)行精心設(shè)計(jì)。

我們開始對(duì)地下車站的構(gòu)想產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣，因?yàn)樗c這座城市豐富的空間層次密切相關(guān)。洛桑是一座建立在阿爾卑斯山脈中一處坡地上的城市，這里的地形和尺度一直以來(lái)都是城市格局的形成因素。新的轉(zhuǎn)乘樞紐站把多層次的交通協(xié)調(diào)在一起，成為這座城市立體派風(fēng)格的圖示，橋梁、房屋、街道和阿爾卑斯的地平線都十分自然地融為一體。乘客穿梭在橋梁、臺(tái)階、人工坡道、觀光電梯以及各節(jié)列車之間，所見景象隨之頻繁變化。我們把這種移動(dòng)中的變化視為設(shè)計(jì)契機(jī)，因?yàn)?，在這片激動(dòng)人心的地段上所進(jìn)行的建設(shè)項(xiàng)目幾乎僅與移動(dòng)有關(guān)。

項(xiàng)目需要在一條地下河道的上方鋪設(shè)新的軌道交通，這條河道正是弗隆河谷得以命名的由來(lái)。從本質(zhì)上說(shuō)，設(shè)計(jì)的核心是如何在這條古老河流的上方重建城市的交通設(shè)施和重布城市的交通線路，以便使這座城市的每個(gè)空間層面都能更好地承載交通運(yùn)輸功能；而如何將位于地段上空的貝萊爾社區(qū)與位于方案地面層的弗隆工業(yè)區(qū)相聯(lián)系則尤其重要。由于一期工程與二期工程幾乎相隔10年才建成，要實(shí)現(xiàn)這些交通方式之間的協(xié)調(diào)布局需要以建筑學(xué)的視角來(lái)理解城市，因?yàn)殡S著時(shí)間的推進(jìn)、不同交通條件與交通需求的變化，城市也將不斷演變。

行人、小汽車、公交車和列車的交通流形成了一幅移動(dòng)的圖景，恰好能描繪出方案的設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)想。在那些留白的空間里，則將有一些城市中不期而遇的片段之景。所有這些要素相互交織，共同形成了三維的城市聯(lián)絡(luò)網(wǎng)，這也正是競(jìng)賽伊始我們就一直秉承的設(shè)計(jì)核心。□（徐知蘭 譯）

Above Ground

The M2 Transit Hub has had a long incubation period marked by three distinct phases. In the early 1990s,Bernard Tschumi Architects/Luca Merlini submitted a competition for the redevelopment of the Flon Valley. The“Bridge-City”scheme included a series of inhabited bridges over the Flon Valley.While the redevelopment of the valley lapsed without funding, local transit authorities approached Bernard Tschumi and M + V Luca Merlini & Emmanuel Ventura for the design of a new Transit Station,the first phase of which was completed in 2001, a light rail station characterized by red printed glass,a new pedestrian bridge, and connections to the valley at the Place de l’Europe.

The second phase was to incorporate a ticket counter, escalators, and a subway station as part of the transit hub complex. The new building, which features a dramatic concrete fold covered with a green roof, and a long pedestrian ramp, addresses these programs while expanding the first phase to the west, creating further transit connections at the heart of the city.

As the main ticket office for TL, the building needed to convey a public image for the transit authority and the city at large. The main gesture of the project is the folded concrete, which acts as though a strip of the plaza has been folded and bent back on itself to accommodate a ticket office to the east, and a pedestrian ramp to the subterranean level on the west. The rupture and folds are reminiscent of the topography of Lausanne and the geological history of the Alps. The roof and west wall are covered in a green carpet of plantings,which addresses environmental concerns of the client (including the Minergie Standard—similar to a LEED rating), but also links the second phase with the first phase, which incorporates a landscaped berm into a sunken oval, opening the subterranean light rail to natural daylight. The building also houses some offices for the transportation authority,which have both privacy and natural light.

The program was resolved using the strategy of the fold: the main structural gesture is in concrete,as though a piece of the plaza has been cut away and raised back on itself, with the sides of the“slice” faced in glass.The building is treated with sturdy, industrial materials and details suited to the heavy traffic of a major transit center.

Below Ground

Under the Place de l’Europe, the new M2 subway intersects with the LEB(Lausanne-Echallens-Bercher) commuter rail line, and the adjoining M1 subway. Regional rail lines and busses are located in adjoining facilities. With planned trolleys under study, the site is poised to become even more significant to Lausanne’s transit infrastructure, and planning had to be as deliberate below ground as above.

We became interested in the idea of an underground station as it related to the thickness of the city. Lausanne is a city built on a sloping hillside in the midst of the alps, and this topography and scale has always shaped the city. The new transit hub appropriates the multiple levels of traffic as a cubist diagram of the city, where bridges,houses, streets, and Alpine horizons fit together naturally. The constant shifts in perspective as a visitor traverses the bridges, stairs, ramps, glass elevators, and on the trains themselves were viewed as a design opportunity on this dramatic site with a program that is almost exclusively related to movement.

The project required creating the new rail lines above a subterranean river, which gives the valley its name. In essence, the project is about recreating and re-routing urban flows above this ancient river,to better accommodate traffic at every level of the city; in particular linking the Bel-air neighborhood above, and the industrial Flon district at ground level of the project. Given that the first and second phase were to be completed nearly ten years apart,the orchestration of these movements required architectural perspective of the city as it would evolve over time with different transit conditions and needs.

The flows of pedestrians, cars, busses, and trains create a movement diagram that describes the project. In the leftover spaces, there are moments of unexpected perspective on the city.Together, these form a three-dimensional urban connective tissue that is at the heart of the project ever since the initial competition.□

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Team: Joel Rutten, Christopher Lee, Rémy Cointet, Adam Dayem, William Feuerman, Yang Yang, Angie Co (New York), Nicolas Badin, Sarah Caperos, Didier Castelli, Bastien Colliard, Selva Demiaux, Célien Devaux, Julie Devayes, Damaris Gaudard, Raphael Gogniat, Eliane Goncalves, Laure Hofmann-Bertsché, Nam le Toan, Mathieu Olsommer,Stéphane Roch, Bernadette Rochat (Lausanne)

景觀建筑師/Landscape Architect: Jean-Jacques Borgeaud, Lausanne

市政工程/Civil Engineers: MPAIC et CSD, Lausanne業(yè)主/Client: Métro Lausanne Ouchy sa, Transports Lausannois, City of Lausanne

設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)/Program: TL售票處（420m2）和M2弗隆中心區(qū)出入口站及其交通運(yùn)輸管理辦公室/TL Ticket Office (420m2) and access station M2-Flon Centre with Transit Authority offices

日程/Schedule:

委托/Won Commission: 1999

施工/Construction: 2004－2008

預(yù)算/Budget: 1 000萬(wàn)瑞士法郎/10mio CHF

10 外景/Exterior veiw(攝影/Photo: Peter Mauss/Esto)

11 夜景/Night view(攝影/Photo: Yves Andre)

12.13 剖面細(xì)部/Section detail