關(guān)于常規(guī)的專業(yè)項目的交流和開放性探討

ACXT是一個由專業(yè)人士組成的團隊，它致力于為常見的問題提供令人信服的解決方案：即建筑的前提和基礎(chǔ)是什么？如何確立品質(zhì)原則？建筑師的著作權(quán)在哪種條件下得到建立和承認？該如何應對全球化、專業(yè)化和文化多樣化的社會帶來的影響？所有這些又如何與審美的要求相符？ACXT的成員都認為應以一種與當前不同的方式來解決這些問題：而當前提供的模式不是獨立建筑師的小型事務(wù)所，就是在明星建筑師體制保護下產(chǎn)生的特例。社會、經(jīng)濟和文化等時代背景轉(zhuǎn)型也意味需對傳統(tǒng)的組織框架重新斟酌考慮。ACXT在設(shè)計過程中結(jié)合了兩方面的工作模式，并以此為基礎(chǔ)激發(fā)了新的組織范式，其潛質(zhì)也已得到認同。其中，一方面是個人提出的獨到建議，另一方面則是由跨學科團隊完成的綜合多樣的設(shè)計作品和一系列彼此交迭的創(chuàng)新決策，這些決策總能出人意料地獲得來自集體智慧的貢獻。

ACXT隸屬IDOM集團，是集團宗旨在建筑設(shè)計界的延伸，這些原則不僅促使了ACXT的建立，也在公司存在的40多年中得到持續(xù)貫徹。為了努力超越當前市場提供的產(chǎn)品形式，它的業(yè)務(wù)范圍涵蓋了從建筑事務(wù)所到咨詢公司的各種模式。

一些渴望在充滿活力的跨學科團隊中實踐的建筑師滿懷熱情地建立了ACXT。ACXT有意培養(yǎng)和尊重所有團隊成員的能力與技術(shù)，并樂于承認每位員工在專業(yè)方面的貢獻，盡可能地吸納和承認所有員工的貢獻，即使要在這一突破界限的過程中保持共同利益的平衡也相當復雜。

從這個角度看，ACXT的成就可以理解為，是專業(yè)人員在尊重團隊成員的個性與獨立，并共同遵循某些觀念的條件下同舟共濟的結(jié)果。而這些共識并不妨礙建筑師個人和團隊以其天才的個性與特點和清晰可辨的風格進行構(gòu)思創(chuàng)作。

ACXT推動了全面整合的工作方法，以盡可能整體和開闊的思路創(chuàng)造作品，修正了那種認為建筑僅由可轉(zhuǎn)化為實體的因素主導的唯我論思想：即設(shè)計作品是藝術(shù)家激情創(chuàng)作的成果。ACXT感到有必要克服將文化降格為與設(shè)計作品相關(guān)的各種術(shù)語的傾向，它是將胡亂堆砌轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷嶓w的創(chuàng)造材料的溫床。

我們所感興趣的，是對創(chuàng)作過程中無法轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷嶓w的事實也有所考慮的過程，即對人類實踐中創(chuàng)造活動本身的參與，以及在積累作品并改變世界同時對個體自身人格的建構(gòu)。

ACXT成立之初就擺脫了那種難以避免且不可自拔地進行標新立異的欲望，也不存在想要驚世駭俗的壓力，更無需刻意表現(xiàn)或公開炫耀。它唯一想做的，就是滿足我們想在業(yè)內(nèi)盡心盡職的內(nèi)在需要。

ACXT是作為專業(yè)人士的聯(lián)盟建立的。今天，有400多名員工在ACXT工作，其中一半以上是建筑師。除此之外，還包括許多工程師和科學家：市政工程師、機械工程師、電子工程師、農(nóng)學家、生物學家、聲學專家、照明專家、遠程通信工程師、成本核算師、施工現(xiàn)場組織管理人員、平面設(shè)計師及信息技術(shù)人員等。針對專業(yè)分工和技術(shù)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生的諸多問題，我們尋求的設(shè)計方案通常在項目伊始的概念設(shè)計階段就能夠綜合考慮這些問題。

在ACXT，我們分享專業(yè)知識，并鼓勵共同參與合作。通常的設(shè)計項目都會既有溝通、也有公開的爭論，有時通過虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行討論，有時則當面探討問題。在必須涉及多方合作的項目中，我們注重更優(yōu)秀的個人能力，避免成為雄心勃勃的個人目標，最重要的是，以慷慨包容的精神作為工作基礎(chǔ)，它是保持整體利益平衡的關(guān)鍵因素。那么，對于這樣一個人員組成混合多樣的專業(yè)團隊，日常工作是怎樣進行的？彼此不同、甚至有時針鋒相對的各種利益之間怎樣取得平衡？

首先，在物質(zhì)層面，ACXT的組織結(jié)構(gòu)圍繞分布在世界各地的一系列辦事處展開：地點包括：巴塞羅那、畢爾巴鄂、里斯本、倫敦、馬德里、墨西哥、潘普洛納、圣地亞哥、圣保羅、塞維利亞、瓦倫西亞、維多利亞和薩拉戈薩……組成聯(lián)盟的專業(yè)人員構(gòu)成工作網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這一思想使它的成長和擴張能免受公司規(guī)模和地理分布的負面影響。每個辦事處都有能在完成業(yè)務(wù)的同時履行管理職能的團隊。維持整體運作和鼓勵個人發(fā)展是他們開展工作的基本思想。

公司另一層面的組織原則是對員工技術(shù)專長和知識技能的承認。根據(jù)專業(yè)特長挑選人員，組成水平化的組織團隊，他們負責員工的專業(yè)技術(shù)發(fā)展。這些管理小組充分利用前期積累的經(jīng)驗，采取各種手段，在享受水平化組織帶來活力的同時，保證技術(shù)水準。

最后一項幫助ACXT完成工作并取得卓越成績的關(guān)鍵因素是所有成員都共同具有的責任感。

公司的產(chǎn)權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)由專業(yè)人員之間的關(guān)聯(lián)協(xié)議進行規(guī)定。公司的所有權(quán)屬于服務(wù)于公司的專業(yè)人員。所有在ACXT執(zhí)業(yè)的個人，無論崗位，都有權(quán)在一段時間后成為合伙人，并由此獲得一定份額的產(chǎn)權(quán)及收益。

自1994年始，ACXT以股票上市公司的法定形式實施了這項政策。它的客戶涉及許多不同領(lǐng)域，數(shù)量多達500多家。這些數(shù)據(jù)表明，它不僅是西班牙最大的建筑集團，也是少數(shù)幾家組織構(gòu)架激進的跨專業(yè)的全球性建筑企業(yè)之一。在倫敦《建筑設(shè)計》雜志2010年度的“《建筑設(shè)計》世界建筑100強”排名中，ACXT以其龐大的建筑師數(shù)量名列“世界最重要的建筑企業(yè)”第37位。□（徐知蘭 譯）

ACXT is a group of professionals that was created with the idea of offering convincing answers to the usual questions: what is the reason for and the basis of architecture? Where does the quality principle lie? In what terms is authorship recognized and established? How do we deal with the impact of a global, specialized and multicultural society?How does all this fit in with the quest for beauty?Its members share the need to deal with these questions from a professional model different from that currently on offer: the small scale single man studio or the classic by-products created under the protection of the star system. The shifting of the social, economic and cultural context suggests the need for the reconsideration of the traditional organizational schemes. ACXT stimulates －convinced of its potential－a new model based on the synthesis of a double work pattern during the creative process.On the one hand, the individual's unique suggestions and on the other, the complex and heterodox sum of interdisciplinary team work, an overlapping mixture of creative decisions always open to unforeseen and unexpected contributions of collective work.

ACXT emerged linked to IDOM group, as an extension in the world of architecture of the principles that inspired its foundation and has continued functioning for over forty years. In an attempt to exceed the existing offer on the market,its work covers from the architect's studio model to that of the services company.

ACXT was conceived from the enthusiasm of those who desire to be architects in the thriving field of a multidisciplinary team. It has the intention of boosting and respecting the capabilities and skills of all team members, acknowledging the professional contributions of each individual. It is a complex balance of shared interests in an attempt to push boundaries, trying to include and recognize the contributions of all.

From this point of view, the work carried out by ACXT can be understood as the result of a professional coexistence that respects the personality and singularity of its members and shares some policies. The existence of these policies does not prevent projects from being conceived by authors and teams with genuine personality and character, a recognizable style.

ACXT promotes a systemic and transversal approach; work conceived from the broadest and most holistic conception possible; a revision of the solipsistic idea of architecture understood as a process where only what is transitive predominates:the product, the result of an enthusiastic artist's work. ACXT felt the need to overcome that approximation that reduced culture to productrelated terms, a great stockroom of objectified creative material.

We took interest in a process that also considered the intransitive reality of the creative process. The incorporation into the creation activity of the human praxis itself, the construction of one's self while putting products together and transforming the world.

ACXT wasn't conceived from the imperative and obsessive necessity of inventing. It is also free from the pressure of having to surprise, in the sense of putting on a show or display. All it tries to do is to offer a solution to an interior need of carrying out a responsible practice of our profession.

ACXT was set up as an association of professionals. More than four hundred people work at ACXT today, more than half of them being architects. Engineers are also involved:civil, mechanical, electrical, agricultural...,biologists, experts in acoustics, illumination,telecommunications, costs, building site organization, graphic designers or IT technicians.Due to the problems caused by specialization and the development of technology, we seek solutions that integrate them right from the beginning, in the project conception stage.

Knowledge is shared and participation and collaboration is encouraged. Communication and open debate during a common professional project,sometimes virtual, others physical. A project where cooperation is a must, favouring a better personal development, avoiding exaggerated personal ambition and, above all, based on generosity, a key factor for the balance of overall interests. What is daily routine like in a heterogeneous group of professionals such as this? How are the different and sometimes contrary interests balanced out?

ACXT is structured, at a first physical level,around a series of offices located all over the world:Barcelona, Bilbao, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Mexico,Pamplona, Santiago, Sao Paulo, Seville, Valencia,Vitoria, Zaragoza...Its concept of a network of associated professionals allows it to grow and expand without the reservations caused by size and geographical dispersion. Each office has a team that overlaps its management duties with its technical task. These people carry out their jobs with the idea of making the whole thing work and encouraging the development of people.

Another organizational dimension recognizes technical specialization, knowledge. Horizontally organized work teams grouped by specialization are in charge of professional and technical development of team members. These groups make the most of previous experience, develop tools and guarantee technical quality from horizontal dynamics.

The final key to the excellence of ACXT and its work lies in the sense of responsibility of all its members.

Its property structure is regulated by an associative agreement between professionals.The ownership of the group is in the hands of professionals who work for the firm. All individuals who carry out their work in ACXT, regardless of their role, have a right to become associates after a certain period of time and can therefore take part in the ownership and the benefits.

ACXT operates following this policy under the legal form of a public limited company since 1994. It serves over 500 clients from many different sectors.These figures imply that it is the biggest architecture group in Spain, and one of the few worldwide with such a radical multidisciplinary approach. The London magazineBuilding Design, in its 2010 annual ranking"BD World Architecture Top 100", placed ACXT in position 37 of the most important firms worldwide by number of architects. □