顏慶智,閆相禎,江立群
(1.中國石油大學(xué) 儲運與建筑工程學(xué)院,山東青島 266555;2.中煤國際重慶分公司,重慶 400016)
埕島粉噴樁復(fù)合地基應(yīng)力比試驗
顏慶智1,閆相禎1,江立群2
(1.中國石油大學(xué) 儲運與建筑工程學(xué)院,山東青島 266555;2.中煤國際重慶分公司,重慶 400016)
樁土應(yīng)力比是反映樁體和樁間土協(xié)同工作的重要指標,也是復(fù)合地基承載力和沉降計算的重要參數(shù),與地基土的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)密切相關(guān),影響因素復(fù)雜。結(jié)合某大型工程,首次對埕島軟土上粉噴樁復(fù)合地基進行大型應(yīng)力比試驗,得到埕島粉噴樁復(fù)合地基應(yīng)力比隨荷載、時間、褥墊層厚度、褥墊層剛度的變化規(guī)律,并進行有限元分析,對兩種結(jié)果進行對比。結(jié)果表明:粉噴樁復(fù)合地基樁土應(yīng)力比值沒有時間效應(yīng);粉噴樁復(fù)合地基樁土應(yīng)力比與褥墊層厚度負相關(guān),一定厚度褥墊層可協(xié)調(diào)樁土工作,宜試驗確定最佳厚度范圍;應(yīng)力比與褥墊層彈性模量正相關(guān),模量達到某一值時樁土應(yīng)力比不再變化,應(yīng)根據(jù)樁體材料選用適當彈性模量褥墊材料;該地區(qū)粉噴樁復(fù)合地基樁土應(yīng)力比主要分布在6.5~9.0。
埕島軟土;粉噴樁復(fù)合地基;褥墊層;樁土應(yīng)力比;承載性能;試驗
樁土應(yīng)力比,即復(fù)合地基中樁頂上的平均應(yīng)力與樁周土上的平均應(yīng)力的比值,是反映復(fù)合地基工作性狀的一個重要參數(shù)[1-2]。樁土應(yīng)力比與地基土的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)密切相關(guān),而且樁體材料、地基土特性、樁長、樁徑、水泥摻入比、面積置換率、荷載水平、時間等因素都會影響樁土應(yīng)力比的變化規(guī)律[3]。樁土應(yīng)力比的理論計算較困難,目前尚無被工程界接受的較完善的計算模式,樁土應(yīng)力比的試驗研究非常有必要和有價值[4],不同地區(qū)都應(yīng)該在工程實踐中試驗確定樁土間應(yīng)力比,避免盲目性和不確定性。
粉噴樁復(fù)合地基不但增加軟土地基承載力,還可以改善地基土的抗震液化性狀,對勝利油田地面建設(shè)和城市建設(shè)有重要意義[5-6]。埕島地區(qū)軟土有獨特的物理力學(xué)特性[7],東營地區(qū)是第一次進行大型粉噴樁復(fù)合地基應(yīng)力比試驗。
試驗場區(qū)為深厚軟土土層,具有含水量高、孔隙比大、承載力低等特點,采用粉噴樁進行加固處理,樁長9.0 m,樁徑0.5 m,對粉噴樁進行加固處理的主要是第② ~④ 層土,主要土層的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)見表1。
表1 主要土層物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)Table 1 Physical and mechanical properties in main soil
粉噴樁單樁詳見《建筑基樁檢測技術(shù)規(guī)范》(JGJ106-2003)[8]附錄 C;樁間土及原狀土詳見《建筑地基基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計規(guī)范》(GB50007-2002)[9]附錄 C;復(fù)合地基詳見《建筑地基處理技術(shù)規(guī)范》(JGJ79-2002)[10]附錄 A。
測點預(yù)先埋設(shè)土壓力盒,靜載荷選用直徑110 mm的國產(chǎn)鋼弦式土壓力盒、50 cm直徑硅油囊,樁頂采用500 kPa鋼弦式土壓力盒,樁間土采用300 kPa鋼弦式土壓力盒。
用土壓力盒在樁頂上、樁間土上分別測出樁應(yīng)力和土應(yīng)力,同時計算樁土應(yīng)力比。加載時間從砂墊層施工開始。
以2個土壓力盒為一組,1個置于樁上,1個置于樁間土上,進行兩組復(fù)合地基的樁土應(yīng)力比測試試驗[11]。
粉噴樁復(fù)合地基的樁土應(yīng)力比隨荷載變化曲線見圖1。加載初期,荷載通過褥墊層均勻傳遞到樁和樁間土上,變形很小,樁和樁間土應(yīng)力呈線性關(guān)系,符合虎克定律。繼續(xù)增加外荷載,樁上應(yīng)力集中加?。?2],當荷載為280 kPa時,樁土應(yīng)力比達到最大值,樁體開始進入局部塑性狀態(tài),不能再承擔(dān)更多荷載,外加荷載增量向樁間土轉(zhuǎn)移,樁土應(yīng)力比突然減?。?3],最后樁和樁間土共同進入塑性狀態(tài),復(fù)合地基破壞。樁土應(yīng)力比主要分布在6.5~9.0。
圖1 樁土應(yīng)力比-荷載曲線Fig.1 Curve of pile-soil stress ratio to load
復(fù)合地基的樁土應(yīng)力比測試時間為120 d,加載為200 kPa,在荷載恒定的情況下,樁土應(yīng)力比隨時間的變化曲線見圖2。由圖2可見,隨著時間遞增,樁土應(yīng)力比不變,沒有時間效應(yīng)。
圖2 樁土應(yīng)力比-時間曲線Fig.2 Curve of pile-soil stress ratio to time
圖3為樁土應(yīng)力比與褥墊層厚度的關(guān)系。由圖3可見,隨褥墊層厚度增加,樁土應(yīng)力比急劇減小。褥墊層厚度大到一定值,樁土應(yīng)力比變小的速度趨于平緩。
圖3 樁土應(yīng)力比-褥墊層厚度曲線Fig.3 Pile-soil stress ratio-cushion thickness curve
樁土應(yīng)力比隨褥墊層變形模量的變化曲線見圖4。由圖4可知,隨著墊層模量的增加,樁土應(yīng)力比也在逐漸增加。當墊層模量達到某一值,樁土應(yīng)力比趨于平緩。應(yīng)根據(jù)不同工程,選用適當?shù)牟牧希掖_定最佳厚度范圍。
圖4 樁土應(yīng)力比-褥墊層變形模量曲線Fig.4 Pile-soil stress ratio-cushion modulus curve
圖5為單樁及多樁復(fù)合地基樁土應(yīng)力比隨荷載的變化曲線(有限元計算值與試驗值對比)。由圖5看出,有限元計算值與實測值吻合較好,結(jié)果可靠。
圖5 單樁及多樁復(fù)合地基樁土應(yīng)力比隨荷載變化曲線Fig.5 Pile-soil stress ratio contrast curve of single pile composite foundation and group piles composite foundation
(1)粉噴樁復(fù)合地基樁土應(yīng)力比沒有時間效應(yīng)。
(2)粉噴樁復(fù)合地基樁土應(yīng)力比與褥墊層厚度負相關(guān)。一定厚度褥墊層可協(xié)調(diào)樁土工作,宜試驗確定最佳厚度范圍。應(yīng)力比與褥墊層彈性模量正相關(guān),達到某一值,樁土應(yīng)力比不再變化,應(yīng)根據(jù)樁體材料,選用適當彈性模量褥墊材料。
(3)該地區(qū)粉噴樁復(fù)合地基樁土應(yīng)力比主要分布在6.5~9.0。
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Experiment of pile-soil stress ratio of DJM pile composite foundation in Chengdao
YAN Qing-zhi1,YAN Xiang-zhen1,JIANG Li-qun2
(1.College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering in China University of Petroleum,Qingdao266555,China;2.China Coal International Chongqing Branch,Chongqing400016,China)
Pile-soil stress ratio is a very important indicator to reflect the level of the together-work of the pile and soil,also a major parameter calculating bearing capacity of composite foundation and settlement,and it is interrelated with the physical and mechanical properties of the soil,whose influencing factor is also complicated.Combined with a large-scale project,the large stress ratio test to the DJM pile composite foundation in the soft clay of Chengdao was conducted.The regulations of the pile-soil stress ratio of DJM pile composite foundation with the change of load,time,thickness and stiffness of pillow in Chengdao region were obtained.The finite element analysis was carried out,and these two results were compared.The results show that there is no time effect to the pile-soil stress ratio of DJM pile composite foundation.The pile-soil stress ratio of DJM pile composite foundation is negative correlation to the thickness of pillow.The pillow with a certain thickness could coordinate the work of the pile-soil,and the best thickness range should be confirmed by experiments.The pile-soil stress ratio of DJM pile composite foundation is positive correlation to the elastic modulus of pillow.Pile-soil stress ratio would never change when the elastic modulus reaches a certain value.The pillow material with proper elastic modulus should be chosen based on the pile material.The numerical value of the pile-soil stress ratio of DJM pile composite foundation in this region mainly distributed from 6.5 to 9.0.
soft clay of Chengdao;DJM pile composite foundation;pillow;pile-soil stress ratio;bearing performance;experiment
TE 357.1
A
10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2011.06.022
1673-5005(2011)06-0131-04
2011-02-22
顏慶智(1962-),男(漢族),山東青島人,副教授,博士研究生,主要從事土木工程教學(xué)和研究工作。
(編輯 沈玉英)