陳 剛,郝小江
1西安石油大學(xué)化學(xué)化工學(xué)院,西安 710065; 2中國科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所植物化學(xué)與西部植物資源持續(xù)利用國家重點實驗室,昆明 650204
靛紅生物活性研究進(jìn)展
陳 剛1,2,郝小江2*
1西安石油大學(xué)化學(xué)化工學(xué)院,西安 710065;2中國科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所植物化學(xué)與西部植物資源持續(xù)利用國家重點實驗室,昆明 650204
靛紅是一種重要的天然產(chǎn)物,廣泛分布于動植物和人體內(nèi),具有多種生物活性,在生物體內(nèi)起著重要的作用。本文對靛紅在動物和人體內(nèi)作用于神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、單胺氧化酶、利鈉肽以及其抗腫瘤、抗衰老等方面的活性的研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行了綜述。
天然產(chǎn)物;靛紅;生物活性
靛紅(isatin),又名吲哚醌,是一種重要的天然產(chǎn)物,廣泛分布于動植物和人體內(nèi)。在爵床科植物馬藍(lán) (B aphicacanthus cusia(Nees)Bremek)、十字花科植物菘藍(lán) (Isatis indigoticaFort.)等植物以及微生物的代謝產(chǎn)物中都發(fā)現(xiàn)有靛紅存在[1-3];長臂蝦(Palaem onidae m acrodactylus)的共生海洋細(xì)菌 (A lterornonassp.)也能產(chǎn)生靛紅,對病原真菌 (Logaridium callinectes)具有很強的抑制作用[4];在人體器官、體液,尤其在腦內(nèi)海馬等部位有較高分布[5,6]。
靛紅及其衍生物具有多種生物活性,其在抗腫瘤、抗病毒、神經(jīng)保護(hù)等方面的活性非常有意義[7-9]。靛紅目前可以作為工業(yè)品大量合成,是相對較便宜的原料。其 1,2,3位及苯環(huán)上可以發(fā)生多種類型的化學(xué)反應(yīng),為其衍生物的合成提供了廣闊的空間,因此目前以靛紅為底物的有機合成或靛紅及其衍生物的合成和活性的研究非?;钴S[10-12]。本文擬總結(jié)近年來靛紅在動物和人體內(nèi)作用于單胺氧化酶、利鈉肽、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)等方面的活性的研究進(jìn)展。
研究表明靛紅具有神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用[13]。腦內(nèi)神經(jīng)在鐵離子的參與下是形成氧化自由基的主要場所,靛紅與組成腦內(nèi)神經(jīng)黑色素的基本單位結(jié)構(gòu)相近,可能通過抑制黑色素的形成和干擾鐵離子的結(jié)合,從而起到對神經(jīng)元的保護(hù)作用。目前靛紅已經(jīng)被開發(fā)為防治老年神經(jīng)退行性疾病的藥物[14]。靛紅對神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的影響還包括:鎮(zhèn)靜、抗焦慮、增加腦內(nèi) 5-HT、多巴水平等[15-17]。
研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)靛紅是內(nèi)源性的緊張和焦慮的標(biāo)記物。動物實驗表明靛紅使動物產(chǎn)生類似焦慮的行為,并且在焦慮和緊張的狀態(tài)下靛紅的水平會升高[18]。嚙齒動物由嗎啡、酒精、煙堿、勞拉西泮等成癮性藥物引起的焦慮能夠使大腦的靛紅含量升高[19]。
Yumiko等[20]研究顯示鄰氯苯基哌嗪 (m-CPP)能夠引起尿液中靛紅含量明顯提高。m-CPP的含量變化是與 CRF分泌和交感神經(jīng)元激活相關(guān)的??紤]到最近關(guān)于交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)(SNS)在靛紅合成過程中作用的報道[21],可以認(rèn)為交感神經(jīng)元中的多巴(DOPA)在應(yīng)激條件下被激活,從而促進(jìn)了 L-色氨酸的代謝,導(dǎo)致了靛紅合成的增加。
對大鼠急性應(yīng)激 (AS)條件下,不同性別、不同部位靛紅含量的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):在正常情況下大腦中靛紅含量雌性高于雄性;急性應(yīng)激條件導(dǎo)致雄性心、腦、心臟、血漿中靛紅含量升高,而雌性腦部靛紅含量不升高;雄性不同部位靛紅含量升高的幅度均高于雌性;AS過后心臟和血漿中靛紅含量變化有相關(guān)性,而和腦部的靛紅含量沒有相關(guān)性[22]。
Manjari[23]調(diào)查了 279位懷孕的和未懷孕的婦女,用新血漿考的松來衡量應(yīng)激的強度,并用 HPLC法測量血漿中的靛紅含量。非妊娠婦女血漿中靛紅的含量明顯低于正常妊娠的婦女 (P<0.001)。那些有心理應(yīng)激和焦慮的病人和由生產(chǎn)并發(fā)癥導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)應(yīng)激的病人與正常妊娠的婦女相比,其血漿中靛紅和血漿考的松的含量明顯偏高。
單胺氧化酶 (monoamine oxidase,MAO)是機體內(nèi)參與胺類物質(zhì)代謝的主要酶類,其代謝底物主要為單胺類物質(zhì),由于單胺類物質(zhì)在機體內(nèi)多具有重要的生理功能,常作為多種疾病醫(yī)治藥物的篩選模型[24]。MAO活動異??梢鸸δ苷系K,導(dǎo)致如原發(fā)性高血壓[25]、帕金森癥[25]、早老性癡呆[26]等各種疾病,MAO活性的變化也與機體的衰老有關(guān)[27]。
MAO-B是一個外部的線粒體膜結(jié)合酶,它能夠催化神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)芳基、烷基胺的氧化脫胺反應(yīng),已經(jīng)成為臨床上許多藥物抑制劑的作用靶點。靛紅是第一個被發(fā)現(xiàn)的內(nèi)源性的MAO高效的抑制劑[5,28],在濃度為3~20μM時可以選擇性的抑制MAO-B;在較高的濃度 (60~70μM)時可以抑制 MAO-A[29,30]。MAO-B活性中心是高度的非極化的,非常適合結(jié)合非極性或低極性的底物,然而親水區(qū)位于 Tyr-398和 Tyr-435之間,用一個籠狀芳基的集團來識別胺基[31,32]。靛紅能夠很好地與MAO-B結(jié)合,其 Ki為3μM,并且結(jié)合之后能夠較容易得到晶體,因而其結(jié)構(gòu)可以通過晶體衍射得到 (如下圖所示,該圖引自文獻(xiàn)[33]),這是解釋當(dāng)抑制劑與酶可逆或者不可逆地結(jié)合時酶結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。靛紅的電子密度顯示其位于底層的空穴中,垂直于黃素環(huán);兩個羰基氧朝向黃素環(huán),N上的氫和 2位的氧通過氫鍵與空穴內(nèi)的水分子結(jié)合,而 3位的氧并沒有參與任何氫鍵;靛紅分子與MAO-B在疏水空腔內(nèi)的結(jié)合還涉及了靛紅與氨基酸殘基的范德華作用等(圖 1)。
圖1 MAO-B的三維結(jié)構(gòu)和靛紅與MAO-B結(jié)合點的立體圖Fig.1 Three-dimensional ofMAO-B and stereogram of combination point between isatin andMAO-B
靛紅作為MAO-B抑制劑有較強的中樞藥理活性,可降低自發(fā)性聽源驚厥大鼠的發(fā)作強度[34-36]。李豐橋[37]通過大鼠的杏仁核點燃模型和小鼠的戊四唑驚厥和氨基脲驚厥模型實驗的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):靛紅50~200 mg/kg均可升高杏仁核點燃大鼠的局灶性后放電閾值,降低發(fā)作強度和全身性發(fā)作百分率;可劑量依賴性地對抗小鼠最大電休克發(fā)作,并能取消戊四唑驚厥和氨基脲驚厥的強直相,降低戊四唑驚厥和氨基脲驚厥的強直相,降低戊四唑驚厥的死亡率。說明靛紅有抗癲癇作用,這種作用可能與其抑制MAO-B活性,升高腦內(nèi)單胺遞質(zhì)水平有關(guān)。
Selegiline((-)-deprenil)是一種MAO-B的抑制劑,曾被廣泛用來治療帕金森氏癥。Hamaue1[38]通過研究小鼠的運動活動和體內(nèi)的生物胺水平考察了靛紅和 Selegiline對日本腦炎病毒 (JEV)引起的腦炎后帕金森綜合癥的作用。對患有日本腦炎病毒引起的腦炎后帕金森綜合癥的小鼠給靛紅 100 mg/kg ·d一周或者 Selegiline 0.2 mg/kg·d,其運動活動明顯比未給藥的有所改善。靛紅和 Selegiline都可以防止小鼠紋狀體多巴水平的降低。JEV導(dǎo)致的多巴流通量水平的升高也明顯地被靛紅抑制了,而Selegiline卻不能。實驗證實外施的靛紅和 Selegiline能夠通過提高紋狀體的多巴水平來改善 JEV導(dǎo)致的帕金森氏癥狀[38,39]。
利鈉肽是一類結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)的家族,包含有一個通過一個雙硫鍵來穩(wěn)定的 17個氨基酸的鏈,包括心房利鈉肽(ANP)、腦利鈉肽(BNP)、C-型利鈉肽(CNP)等[40-44],除了 CNP外都具有不同延伸的氨基末端和羧基末端,而 CNP不具有羧基末端的延伸。心房利鈉肽(ANP)是一種具有強大利鈉、利尿、擴血管和抑制交感、腎素、醛固酮活性的肽類激素,并參與水、電解質(zhì)平衡和血壓調(diào)節(jié)[42]。BNP的作用主要表現(xiàn)為外周以及中樞效應(yīng)[43]。CNP由內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生,是一種重要的內(nèi)皮衍生舒血管肽,主要以旁分泌的方式抑制血管平滑肌細(xì)胞增生及調(diào)節(jié)血管張力[45]。
ANP分泌異常,例如在某些情況下引起ANP過度分泌,會導(dǎo)致臨床上“腦耗鹽綜合征 (Cerebral salt wasting syndrome,Cs WS)”[46]。靛紅 (0.1 mM)能夠有效抑制受損細(xì)胞中 ANP激發(fā)的鳥苷酸 (GC)活性[47],但是對未受損細(xì)胞中ANP依賴的 cG MP累積的衰減幾乎沒有作用。ATP類似物AMP-PNP提供ANP很少量的能量來影響破損細(xì)胞中的 GC的活性,明顯降低了 GC對靛紅的敏感度。在 10%的牛血清蛋白(ECS)中培養(yǎng)的細(xì)胞與 0.5%的相比,靛紅能夠引起在 10%的牛血清蛋白中培養(yǎng)的細(xì)胞ANP依賴的 cG MP累積更為顯著的減少[6,48]。數(shù)據(jù)顯示在未受損的細(xì)胞中,靛紅對ANP介導(dǎo)的信號傳導(dǎo)的影響可能是通過細(xì)胞內(nèi)的因子與激酶區(qū)域的作用[49]。Alexei[50]研究證實靛紅不但可以抑制 ANP的受體NPR-A,還能夠阻止ANP和 CNP,抑制腺苷酸環(huán)化酶(NPR-C)的信號傳導(dǎo),這表明靛紅在腦內(nèi)可能是與NPR-A和NPR-C結(jié)合在一起的。靛紅和利鈉肽與受體的競爭結(jié)合可以來解釋焦慮癥狀的產(chǎn)生與消除[50,51]。
Telegdy[52]研究證實了靛紅可以在活體內(nèi)抑制ANP、BNP和 CNP的作用。實驗采用小鼠的被動回避行為實驗?zāi)P?。以前的研究表明這三種肽都可以強化小鼠這種學(xué)習(xí)記憶,延長進(jìn)入黑盒子的等待時間。在給肽或者鹽水之前向腹膜內(nèi)給靛紅 5、10、50 mg/kg,BNP和 CNP都明顯的增加了等待時間,靛紅在 50 mg/kg給藥時對BNP起作用;在 10 mg/kg和50 mg/kg給藥時對 CNP起作用;靛紅單獨給藥不起作用,卻在與BNP和 CNP配合給藥時降低了兩者的作用。這些實驗證明靛紅能夠抑制ANP、BNP和CNP對行為的影響。
靛紅能夠?qū)е氯四[瘤細(xì)胞 SH-SY5Y的凋亡[53]。人腫瘤細(xì)胞 SH-SY5Y用不同濃度的靛紅處理 48小時,結(jié)果顯示靛紅能夠誘導(dǎo) SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞凋亡且呈劑量依賴性。Bcl-2,VEGF mRNA和 Bcl-2,VEGF蛋白的表達(dá)下調(diào)Bax mRNA和Bax蛋白的表達(dá)變化不明顯;磷酸化 ERK的表達(dá)降低,但是處理后 caspase-3的活性卻增強了。靛紅能抑制腫瘤壞死因子(TNF-α)的產(chǎn)生和 iNOS和 COX-2蛋白表達(dá),使NO和 PGE2水平降低。研究表明靛紅可能是 iNOS和COX-2酶的抑制劑,有可能被用作抗炎、抗腫瘤藥物[54]。
靛紅對正常大鼠有降膽固醇作用,用藥 10 d后大鼠血清總膽固醇降低 20%[55]。靛紅還有升高小鼠的血壓、抑制大鼠飲食、提高小鼠強制游泳的穩(wěn)定性等作用[56,57]。靛紅還具有抗衰老的功效。為了進(jìn)一步研究靛紅抗衰老的機制,王蕾等[58]研究了靛紅對衰老模型小鼠的脾、胸腺和腦指數(shù)的影響及衰老模型小鼠腦組織中 ROS、LF含量和 SOD活性的變化,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)卵磷脂組和各劑量組靛紅可提高衰老模型小鼠的脾、胸腺和腦指數(shù),降低衰老模型小鼠腦組織中ROS和LF含量,提高 SOD活性。
1 Peng SP(彭少平),Gu ZL(顧振綸).Recent progress in the studies of chemical constituents and pharmacological effects on roots ofIsatis indigotica.Chin W ild Plant Res(中國野生植物資源),2005,24(5):4-7.
2 Gil-TurnesMS,HayME,FenicalW.Symbiotic marine bacteria chemically defend crustacean embryos from a pathogenic fungus.Sci,1989,246:116.
3 Tomoo H,KooheiN,Nobuo K,et al.Isolation of a new potent cytotoxic pigment along with indigotin from the pathogenic basidiomycetous fungusSchizophyllum comm une.M ycopathologia,1999,146:9-12.
4 Gil-TurnesMS,HayME,FenicalW.Symbiotic marine bacteria chemically defend crustacean embryos from a pathogenic fungus.Sci,1989,246:116-118.
5 Glover V,Halket JM,Watkins PJ,et al.Isatin:Identity with the purified monoamine oxidase inhibitor tribulin.J Neurochem,1988,51:656-659.
6 Medvedev AE,Clow A,Sandler M,et al.Isatin:a link between natriuretic peptide and monoamines?B iol Psychiatry, 1996,52:385-391.
7 LairdAD,Vaukoczy P,ShawverLK,et al.SU6668 is a potent antiangiogenic and antitumor agent that induces regression of established tumors.Cancer Res,2000,60:4152-4160.
8 Dharmarajan S,Tanushree RB,Perumal Y.Design,synthesis and biological evaluation of novel non-nucleoside H IV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitorswith broad-spectrum chemother-apeutic properties.B ioorgan M ed Chem,2004,12:5865-5873.
9 Ding K,Lu YP,Zaneta NC,et al.Structure-based design of potent non-peptideMDM2 inhibitors.J Am Chem Soc,2005, 127:10130-10131.
10 Sebahar PR,W illiams RM.The asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-and(-)-spirotryprostatin B.J Am Chem Soc,2000, 122:5666-5667.
11 Joaquim FM,Simon JG,Angelo CP.The chemistry of isatins: a review from 1975 to 1999.Orgchem,0010004.
12 Vivette G,Bhattarya SK,Chakrabarti A,et al.The psychopharmacology of isatin:A brief review.StressM ed,1998,14: 225-229.
13 Bhattacharya SK,Chakrabam A,Vivette G.Stress and waterbalance:the roles of ANP,AVP andisatin.Indian J E B iol, 1998,36:l195-1200.
14 YueW(岳旺),WangL(王蕾),Zang DL(臧東蓮),et al.靛紅防治老年神經(jīng)疾病藥物的制備.CN1306819,2001-08-08.
15 Bhattacharya SK,Chakrabarti A,SandlerM,et al.Anxiolytic activity of intraventricularly administered atrial natriuretic peptide in the rat.Neuropsychophar m acology,1996,15:199-206.
16 McIntyre IM,Nor man TR.Serotonergic effects of isatin:An endogenous MAO inhibitor related to tribulin.J Neural Transm(Gen.Sect.),1990,79:35-40.
17 Hamaue N,MinamiM,Kanamaru Y,et al.Identification of isatin,an endogenous MAO inhibitor,in the brain of stroke prone SHR rats.B iogen Am ines,1994,10:99-110.
18 Bhattacharya SK,Mitra SK,Acharya SB.Anxiogenic activity of isatin,a putative biological factor,in rodents.J Psychophar m acol,1991,5:202-206.
19 Palit G,Kumar R,Patnaik GK,et al.Behavioural effects of isatin,a putative biologicalfactor,in rhesus monkeys.B iogen Am ines,1997,13:131-142.
20 Tozawa Y,UekiA,Manabe S,et al.5-HT2a/2c receptor agonist-induced increase in urinary isatin excretion in rats Reversal by both diazepam and dexamethasone.B iochem Phar m,1999,58:1329-1334.
21 Tozawa Y,UekiA,Manabe S,et al.Stressinduced increase in urinary isatin excretion in rats.Reversal by both dexamethasone andα-methyl-p-tyrosine.B iochem Phar m,1998,56: 1041-1046.
22 Natalia I,SimonM,Vivette G.Effect of acute stress and gender on isatin in rat tissues and serum.Physiol Behav,2004, 80:665-668.
23 Manjari S,PandeyA,ChakrabartiL,et al.Plas ma isatin is increased in maternal anxiety and obstetrical stress.Stress Health,2002,18:133-139.
24 Atkin KE,Reiss R,Koehler V,et al.The structure of monoamine oxidase from aspergillus niger provides a molecular context for Improvements in activity obtained by directed evolution.J M ol B iol,2008,384:1218-1231.
25 Homas T,Mclendou C,Thomas G.L-deprenyl:nitric de production and dilation of cerebral blood vessels.Neuroreport, 1998,9:2595-2600.
26 Sparks Dl,Woeltz VM,MarkesberyWR.Alterations in brian monoamine oxidase activity in agingAlzhe imer’s disease and Pick’s desease.A rch Neurol,1991,48:718-724.
27 VizueteML,Herrera AJ,SantiagoM,et al.Effect of enucleation on postnatal development of catecholamines and serotonin metabolis m in the superior colliculus of the rat.B rain Res,1990,523:281-285.
28 SandlerM,Clow A,Watkins PJ,et al.Tribulin an endocoid marker of anxiety in man.StressM ed,1988,4:215-218.
29 KnollJ.(-)Daprenyl(selegiline),a catecholaminergic activity enhancer(CAE)substanceactingin the brain.Phar macol Toxicol,1998,82(2):57-66.
30 Frantisek H,Claudia B,Ashraf K,et al.Demonstration of Isoleucine 199 as a structural determinant for the selective inhibition of human monoamine oxidase B by specific reversible inhibitors.J B iol Chem,2005,280:15761-15766.
31 Binda C,Newton-Vinson P,Hubálek F,et al.Structure of human monoamine oxidase B,a drug target for the treatment of neurological disorders.Nat Struct B iol,2002,9:22-26.
32 Binda C,Mattevi A,Edmondson DE.Structure-function relationships in flavoenzyme-dependent amine oxidations.A comparison of polyamine oxidase and monoamine oxidase.J B iol Chem,2002,277:23973-23976.
33 Claudia B,LiM,Frantisek H,et al.Insights into the mode of inhibition of human mitochondrialmonoamine oxidase B from high-resolution crystal structures.PNAS,2003,100:9750-9755.
34 Chocholova L,Kolinova M.Effect of isatin(2,3-dioxoindoline)on audiogenic seizures in rats and its relationship to electrographic and behavioural phenomena.Physiol Bohem, 1979,28:495-502.
35 Bhattacharya SK,Chakrabarti A.Dose-related proconvulsant and anticonvulsant activity of isatin,a putative biological factor,in rats.Indian J Exp B iol,1998,36:118-121.
36 Bhattacharya SK,Mitra SK,Acharya SB.Anxiogenic activity of isatin,a putative biological factor,in rodents.J Psychophar m acol,1991,5:202-206.
37 Li FQ(李豐橋),Yue W(岳旺),Nan S(南勝),et al.The inhibitory effect of isatin on seizure activity in amygdaloid kindled rats.Acta Phar macol Sin(藥學(xué)學(xué)報),1999,34:1-4.
38 Hamaue N,MinamiM,TeradoM,et al.Comparative study of the effects of isatin,an endogenousMAO-inhibitor,and selegiline on bradykinesia and dopamine levels in a ratmodel of parkinson’s disease induced by the Japanese encephalitis virus.Neurotoxicology,2004,25:205-213.
39 Zhou Y,Zhao ZQ,Xie JX.Effects of isatin on rotational behavior and DA levels in caudate putamen in Parkinsonian rats.B rain Res,2001,917:127-132.
40 Anand-SrivastavaMB,Trachte GJ.Atrial natriuretic factor receptors and signal transduction mechanis ms.Phar m Rev, 1993,45:455-97.
41 Lei tman D,Waldman SA,Murad F.Regulation of particulate guanylate cyclase by natriuretic peptide andEscherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin.Adv Phar m,1994,26:67-86.
42 Levin ER,Gardner DG,Samson WK.Natriuretic peptides.N Engl J M ed,1998,339:321-328.
43 Savoie P,de Champlain J,Anand-Srivastava MB.C-type natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity.FEBS Lett,1995,370:6-10.
44 PotterLR,Hunter T.Phosphorylation of kinase homology domain is essential for activation of the A-type natriuretic peptide receptor.M ol CellB iochem,1998,18:2164-2172.
45 Janaina SAM,Evangelista Alice MC,Martins Nilberto RF,et al.Renal and vascular effects of the natriuretic peptide isolated fromCrotalus durissuscascavella venom.Toxicon,2008, 52:737-744.
46 Liu WB(劉微波),Chen HH(陳懷紅),Xu W(許唯). Study on the relationship between atrial natriuretic peptide and hyponatremia after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Chin J Em erg M ed(中華急診醫(yī)學(xué)雜志),2004,13:107-109.
47 MedvedevAE,Abakumova OY,Podobed OV,et al.Effects of isatin on atrial natriuretic peptide-mediated accumulation of cG MP and guanylyl cyclase activity of PC12 cells.Life Sci, 2001,69:1783-1790.
48 MedvedevAE,SandlerM,Vivette G.Interaction of isatinwith type A of natriuretic peptide receptor:possible mechanism. Life Sci,1998,62:2391-2398.
49 FloverV,MedvedevA,SandlerM.Isatin is a potent endogenous antagonistof guanylate cyclase-coupled atrial natriuretic peptide receptors.Life Sci,1995,57:2073-2079.
50 AlexeiM,Michele CA,Anna C,et al.Natriuretic peptide interaction with[3H]isatin binding sites in rat brain.B rain Res,2005,1042:119-124.
51 Montkowski A,Jahn H,Strohle A,et al.C-type natriuretic peptide exerts effects opposing those of atrial natriuretic peptide on anxiety-related behaviour in rats.B rain Res,1998, 792:358-360.
52 Telegdy G,Adamik A and Vivette G.The action of isatin(2, 3-dioroindole)an endogenous indole on brain natriuretic and C-type natriuretic peptide-induced facilitation of memory consolidation in passive avoidance learning in rats.B rain Res Bull,2000,53:367-370.
53 Hou L,Ju CX,Zhang JY,Song JL,et al.Antitumor effects of Isatin on human neuroblastoma cell line(SH-SY5Y)and the related mechanism.Eur J Phar m acol,2008,589(1-3):27-31.
54 Maria EM,Flávio de AV,Simon JG,et al.Isatins inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthasein a mouse macrophage cell line.Eur J Phar m acol,2007,556: 200-206.
55 Dong Y(董巖),Yang ZH(楊志宏),Zhang Z(章政),et al. Basic research on the effect of isatin on the level of serum cholesterin.Chin J Cardiovasc RehabilM ed(心血管康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志),2003,12:224-225.
56 Hamaue N,MinamiM,HirafujiM.Significance of isatin,an endogenous MAO inhibitor,on blood pressure control and monoamine levels in rats.B iogen Am ines,1996,12:395-405.
57 Morley JE,Farr SA,Flood JF.Isatin inhibits food intake in mice.J Phar m acol,1996,305:23-24.
58 WangL(王蕾),GengB(耿波),Shen HX(申紅霞),et al. A studyon anti-aging effects andmechanis m of 2,3-indolinedione.Chin J BehavM ed Sci(中國行為醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)),2007, 16:481-483.
Recent Studies on the Bioactivities of Isatin
CHEN Gang1,2,HAO Xiao-jiang2*1College of Chem istry and Chem ical Engineering,Xi’an Shiyou University,Xi’an 710065,China;2State Key Laboratory of Phytochem istry and Plant Resources in W est China,Kunm ing Institute of Botany,Chinese Academ y of Sciences,Kunm ing 650204,China
Isatin is an important versatile nature product,which is found in many propagations and human body,and it shows a variety of biological activities.Studies on the bioactivities of isatin on nervous system,monoamine oxidase,natriuretic peptide and so on of human or ratwere briefly reviewed.
natural product;isatin;bioactivity
1001-6880(2010)02-0356-05
2009-03-02 接受日期:2009-12-09
中國科學(xué)院自由申請課題(7024412P1);陜西省自然科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)研究計劃項目(SJ08B20)
*通訊作者 Tel:86-871-5223263;Email:haoxj@mail.kib.ac.cn
Q74;R285
A