淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)閱讀理解試題解題對(duì)策

倪黛琳

摘 要:閱讀能力是體現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)水平的一個(gè)十分重要的方面,閱讀抓好了,記憶單詞、熟悉語(yǔ)法、形成語(yǔ)感等會(huì)有事半功倍的好處,而且,對(duì)于開(kāi)闊思路,思維能力的培養(yǎng)也大有裨益。

關(guān)鍵詞:把握 推敲 剖析

近年來(lái),“閱讀理解”這類(lèi)題型日趨增多,根據(jù)閱讀理解的要求范圍,應(yīng)注意把握以下幾個(gè)方面的準(zhǔn)則:

一、通覽全文,把握文章中心

想迅速了解文章的中心意思,關(guān)鍵在于迅速把握作者思路,不斷領(lǐng)會(huì)和推測(cè)作者的意圖,同時(shí)還需把詞句的理解與對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)分析結(jié)合起來(lái),從中找出文章里表達(dá)中心思想的主題段和主題句。

1.要特別注意文章的第一段和第一句,因?yàn)檫@兩句往往是主題句,通常稱(chēng)之為關(guān)鍵句(key sentence)。

2.如果遇到短文中的詞語(yǔ)不理解時(shí),盡管朝下讀,因?yàn)閭€(gè)別詞或關(guān)鍵詞雖不認(rèn)識(shí),但下文很可能會(huì)說(shuō)明其真正含義的。

二、仔細(xì)推敲,掌握文章的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容

除了掌握上面提到把握短文中心意思之外,還應(yīng)掌握閱讀短文細(xì)節(jié)。因?yàn)橛械募?xì)節(jié)本身就是題目所要求的答案。

三、靈活運(yùn)用,剖析關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的內(nèi)涵

閱讀過(guò)程中,對(duì)關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的理解往往影響對(duì)句子、段落,甚至對(duì)整篇短文的正確理解。因此要根據(jù)上下文運(yùn)用常識(shí)的方法來(lái)推測(cè)詞語(yǔ)在短文中的真正含意。

四、認(rèn)真檢查,力爭(zhēng)萬(wàn)無(wú)一失

做完閱讀理解題之后,一定要靜下心來(lái)把短文再看一遍,力保萬(wàn)無(wú)一失。

下面以一篇文章為例進(jìn)行剖析。

Our village carpenter(木匠), John Hill, came one day and made a dining table for my wife. He made it just the right size to fill the space between the two windows. When I got home that evening, John was drinking a cup of tea and writing out his bill (賬單)for the job.

My wife said to me, quietly,“Thats his ninth cup of tea today.” But she said, in a loud voice,“Its a beautiful table, dear, isnt it?”

“Ill decide about that when I see the bill,” I said.

One dining table 10 November 1989

Cost(成本;費(fèi)用)of wood ￡17.00

(￡是pound的符號(hào))

Paint(油漆) ￡1.50

Work,8 hours(￡ I an hour) ￡8.00

Total(合計(jì)) ￡36.50

When I was looking at the bill, John said,“Its been a fine day, hasnt it? Quite sunny.”

“Yes,”I said.“Im glad its only the 10th of November.”

“Me, too,” said John. “You wait - itll be a lot colder by the end of the month.”

“Yes, Colder and more expensive! Dining tables will be ￡20 more expensive on November 30th, wont they, John?”

John looked hard at me for half a minute. Was there a little smile in his two blue eyes? I gave his bill back to him.

“If it isnt too much trouble, John,” I said, “please add it up again. You can forget the date...”

I paid him ￡26.50 and he was happy to get it.

1.Why did John talk about the weather when the writer was looking at the bill?

A.Because he didnt want the writer to go through the bill carefully.

B.Because it was really a fine day.

C.Because he wanted the writer to check the bill carefully.

D.Because he wanted to tell the writer what the weather was like.

2.Why did the writer say that dining tables would be ￡20 more expensive on November 30th?

A.Because it was difficult to make dining tables in cold weather.

B.Because paint would be more expens-

ive.

C.Because the cost of wood be more expensive.

D.Because he thought John would almost certainly add the date to the cost of the dining table.

3.The writer thought John would ask for______if he made a dining table on the last day of November.

A.￡20.00 B.￡46.50

C.￡56.50 D.￡26.50

4.When the writer gave him the money, John was happy because ______.

A.he got what he should get for his work

B.he got much more money for his work

C.he got the money easily

D.he didnt have to add up the costs again

5.From the story we know that______.

A.John made a mistake in the bill

B.John tried to fool the writer in order to get more money for his work

C.John had written out the bill before the writer got home

D.John still wanted to get ￡36.50 for his work in the end

答案與分析:

本篇大意是:木匠約翰給主人公的妻子做了一個(gè)飯桌,結(jié)賬時(shí)賬單上把成本費(fèi)17.00,油漆料錢(qián)1.50,工階8.00和日期10一起相加,多計(jì)價(jià)10元,結(jié)果被主人發(fā)現(xiàn)了,但他并沒(méi)直接批評(píng)多要錢(qián)的木匠,只是詼諧地說(shuō):“月底30日做比月初10日做,還要貴些,是不是?”最后只付了就付的26.5元錢(qián)。主人一眼看穿了木匠的把戲。但他處理問(wèn)題頗有技巧,既解決問(wèn)題,又不失禮貌,體現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代生意場(chǎng)中的交往策略和洽談風(fēng)格。

1.A.通過(guò)充分理解上下文得知,John談天氣的目的并不是單純?yōu)榱苏勌鞖?而是為了讓作者全家人不去注意賬單,以達(dá)到他的目的。

2.D.作者認(rèn)為John做的餐桌到30時(shí)(加上日期)就會(huì)比現(xiàn)在(10號(hào))做的貴20元,言談中已識(shí)破了John的把戲。

3.答案是C。

4.A.主人并沒(méi)直接點(diǎn)破他的詭計(jì),讓他難堪,他又得到了他的所得,自然很慶幸。

5.答案是B。

俗話說(shuō),“冰凍三尺非一日之寒”。閱讀能力的提高需要大量增加語(yǔ)言輸入的量。如果你能堅(jiān)持每天讀100個(gè)詞左右的材料,那么一個(gè)月的閱讀量就是3000多個(gè)詞,一年的閱讀量就是3萬(wàn)多個(gè)詞,兩年就是7萬(wàn)多個(gè)詞的閱讀量。每天讀100個(gè)詞至多花10分鐘,再忙也還是可以抽出這點(diǎn)時(shí)間的,關(guān)鍵是要有恒心,要培養(yǎng)良好的習(xí)慣,注意選用適合自己實(shí)際水平的閱讀材料和材料體裁的多樣化,許多英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)成功者無(wú)不認(rèn)為“閱讀使我受益匪淺”,它擴(kuò)大和鞏固了自己的詞匯量,增強(qiáng)了語(yǔ)感,擴(kuò)大了知識(shí)面,真是一舉多得。

參考文獻(xiàn):

1.《中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究》.2004年第6期

2.《初中英語(yǔ)奧林匹克》.初三分冊(cè)

3.《英語(yǔ)中考指南》.2003年第10期

作者單位:浙江省樂(lè)清市柳市鎮(zhèn)一中