院士風(fēng)采

張文裕1910.1.9～1992.11.5

高能物理學(xué)家。福建惠安人。1931年畢業(yè)于燕京大學(xué)。1938年獲英國劍橋大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國科學(xué)院高能物理研究所研究員、所長、名譽所長。主要從事核物理和宇宙線等方面的實驗研究并取得突出成就。驗證了N.玻爾的液滴模型。發(fā)明了多絲火花計數(shù)器。40年代后期他在美國用云室進(jìn)行宇宙線研究，進(jìn)一步確定μ子和原子能沒有強作用，并在μ子吸收的研究中確證了μ介原子的存在，從而開創(chuàng)了關(guān)于μ介原子的研究工作，在Λ超子與粒子散射研究、北京正負(fù)電子對撞機(jī)建造的奠基性工作、籌建高山宇宙線實驗室等方面做出重要貢獻(xiàn)。

1957年選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Nuclear physicist. Born in Huian, Fujian Province. Graduated from Yanjing University in 1931.Received Ph.D. in Cambridge University,UK in 1938.Research professor, director and honorary director, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Zhang was mainly engaged in the experimental research of nuclear physics and comic ray physics and made prominent achievements. He identified the N.Bohr drop model and invented the polymitus spark counter. In the late 1940s, by studying the cosmic rays with the aid of a cloud chamber in the US, he confirmed that there is no strong interaction between the muon and nucleus and verified the existence of the muonic atom in his investigation of the muon absorption, thus initiating a new research topic about the muonic atom. He made important contributions to the resea rch on λ-hyperon and particle dispersion, the basic work of constructing Beijing Electron and Positron Collider, and the estab lishment of cosmic ray laboratory on mountains.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957.

錢學(xué)森1911.12.11～2009.10.31

應(yīng)用力學(xué)、航天技術(shù)和系統(tǒng)工程科學(xué)家。原籍浙江杭州，生于上海。1934年畢業(yè)于上海交通大學(xué)。1939年獲美國加州理工學(xué)院航空及數(shù)學(xué)博士學(xué)位。國防科工委科技委員會高級顧問、研究員，中國科學(xué)院主席團(tuán)執(zhí)行主席、名譽主席，中國科協(xié)主席、名譽主席。國家杰出貢獻(xiàn)科學(xué)獎。在應(yīng)用力學(xué)、工程控制理論、系統(tǒng)工程等多項領(lǐng)域取得出色成果。在中國航天事業(yè)的創(chuàng)建于發(fā)展等方面作出了卓越貢獻(xiàn)。

1957年選聘為中國科學(xué)院原屬（學(xué)部委員）。

Scientist of app lied mechanics, space technology and system engineering. Born in Shanghai. Graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1934. Received Ph.D. from the Department of Aeronautics and Mathematics of California Institute of Technology, USA in 1939. Research professor and senior advisor, State Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, executive president and honorary president, Presidium of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and chairman and honorary chairman, China Association for Science and Technology.

Qian has obtained great achievements in the areas of applied mechanics, engineering cybernetics and system engineering and made distinguished contributions to the foundation and development of Chinese aerospace enterprises. He has been conferred the title of “National Scientist with Distinguished Accomplishment”.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957.

張宗燧1915.6.1～1969.6.30

物理學(xué)家。浙江杭州人。1934年畢業(yè)于清

華大學(xué)。1938年獲英國劍橋大學(xué)哲學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國科學(xué)院數(shù)學(xué)研究所研究員。主要從事理論物理特別是統(tǒng)計物理、量子力學(xué)、量子電動力學(xué)和量子場論等方面的研究與教學(xué)工作，培養(yǎng)了一批理論物理人才。30年代在合作現(xiàn)象特別是固體溶液的統(tǒng)計物理理論等方面取得多項創(chuàng)見性成果。30年代在量子場論形式體系得建立特別是高階微商、高自旋粒子的量子場論等研究方面很有創(chuàng)建，取得多項當(dāng)時國際先進(jìn)水平的成果。40年代后期以來在場論得數(shù)學(xué)形式、洛倫茲群的表示、重正化理論、統(tǒng)計物理、色散關(guān)系、層子模型等方面作了大量研究，取得多項重要成果。

1957年選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Physicist. Born in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province. Graduated from Qinghua University in 1934. Received Ph.D. in Cambridge University, UK in 1938. Research professor, Institute of Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Zhang was mainly engaged in the research teaching theoretical physics, especially in the aspects of statistic physics, quantum-mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, quantum field theory, etc.. In the 1930s, he made several original achievements in the cooperative phenomenon, especially in the statistic physics theory of sosoliod.

He had many original ideas and obtained research results of international advanced standard in establishing the formation of quantum field theory, particularly in the quantum field theories of high order differential and high spin particle. In the late 1940s, he did a lot of research and obtained important results in mathematical formation of field theory, representation of Lorentz group, renormalization theory, statistic physics, dispersion relation, and straton model and so on.

He became Member of the Chinese the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957.

郭永懷1909.4.4～1968.12.5

力學(xué)家。山東榮成人。1935年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)并留校攻讀研究生。1945年獲美國加州理工學(xué)院哲學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國科學(xué)院力學(xué)研究所研究員、副所長。1946年與錢學(xué)森共同指出在跨聲速流場中有實際意義的是來流的上臨界馬赫數(shù)，而不是以往被重視的下臨界馬赫數(shù)。這項研究結(jié)果對航空技術(shù)中突破聲障礙具有重要意義。1953年前后在激波與邊界層相互作用研究中互獲出色成果，得出遠(yuǎn)場超聲速流動與近場邊界層相互作用得速度場合壓力場的表達(dá)方式，并發(fā)展了奇異攝動法（即龐加萊—萊特希爾—郭永懷方法）。60年代在鈍錐擾流、爆轟力學(xué)等研究方面取得重要成果。為我國核武器的研制工作做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。

1957年選聘為中國科學(xué)院原屬（學(xué)部委員）。

Mechanics scientist. Born in Rongcheng, Shandong Province. Graduated from Peking University in 1935 and stayed on doing graduate work. Received Ph.D. from California Institute of Technology, USA In 1945. Research professor and deputy director, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In 1946, he and H.S. Tsien pointed out that in the transonic flow field, it is the upper critical Mach number of the coming flow other than the lower one that is significant. This finding played the decisive role in solving the technical problem of breaking through the “sonic barrier”. Around 1953, he devoted himself successfully to the study of interaction between the shock wave and boundary layer, obtained theoretical expressions for velocity and pressure in the interaction domain of supersonic flow and boundary layer, and improved the singular perturbation methods(namely, Poincare-Lightill-Kuo method). In the 1960s,he obtained significant achievements in detonation mechanics and hypersonic flow and made outstanding contributions to the development of nuclear weapons.

He became Member of the Chinese the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957.