單元點撥

王祥國

Module 10 Unit 1

1. claim 玽. & 玭.

1) 奪走(生命),導(dǎo)致死亡

例:Traffic accidents claim more than 60 thousand lives every year in China. 在中國,交通事故每年奪走6萬多條生命。

2) 宣稱,聲稱

例:Scientists claim to have discovered a cure for the disease, but this has not yet been proved.

科學(xué)家宣稱已發(fā)現(xiàn)這種疾病的治療方法,但這還未得到證實。

3) 認領(lǐng)

例:If no one claims the lost umbrella, the person who found it can keep it. 如果沒人認領(lǐng)遺失的雨傘,撿到的人可以自己留著。

4) 索賠,索要

例:Did you claim the insurance after the car accident? 車禍之后,你索要保險理賠了嗎?

5) 獲得,需要

例:The problem claims our undivided attention. 這問題需要我們?nèi)﹃P(guān)注。

拓展:(1) have a claim to… on sb. 對某人要求……權(quán)利

(2) lay claim to sth. 聲稱對……擁有權(quán)利

例:He had a claim to visiting his daughter on his former wife. 他向他的前妻要求有探視女兒的權(quán)利。

He laid claim to the property, for it was his mothers. 他聲稱對財產(chǎn)擁有繼承權(quán),因為是他母親的財產(chǎn)。

2. power 玽. 給……提供動力,驅(qū)動

例:This new type of car is powered by both electricity and petrol. 這種新型汽車既可用電,又可用汽油提供動力。

玭. 1) 控制力,權(quán)力

例:The power of the government has increased greatly over the past century. 政府的權(quán)力在最近的一個世紀得到加強。

2) 上臺執(zhí)政,掌權(quán)

例:When Hitler came into power, he began to kill Jews in large numbers. 希特勒上臺后,開始大肆屠殺猶太人。

3) 能量,電

例:Ive bought a lot of candles in case of power failure. 我買了許多蠟燭,以防備停電。

4) 能力,實力

例:He claimed to have the power to see into the future. 他聲稱有能力洞察未來。

拓展:have the power to do… 有做……的能力;have the power over… 對某事進行控制;

in power 在臺上執(zhí)政;in ones power 憑某人的能力;within / beyond ones power 在某人的能力范圍以內(nèi) / 以外;at the height of ones powers 處于某人的頂峰; power station 發(fā)電站;power failure 停電

【詞義辨析】power;strength;force;energy

(1) power 指權(quán)力,能力,控制,能量等意思。

(2) strength“力量,力氣”,特指人或事物本身的“內(nèi)力”,還可引申為,“長處,優(yōu)點”等意思。

例:Everyone has their strengths and weaknesses. 每個人總有他的長處和短處。

(1) force“暴力,武力,強行,軍隊”,特指借助其它東西的“外力”。

(2) energy“能源,精力”。表示一個人做事的精力或指太陽能,風(fēng)能,水能,電能,煤,石油,天然氣的總稱。

【即時操練】

(1) He takes regular exercise every day to build up his _______________.

(2) Tom seems full of _______________all day. He often works until deep into the night.

(3) The _______________ of the explosion broke all the windows in the building.

(4) I am afraid it is not in my _______________to help you.

答案:(1) strength (2) energy (3) force (4) power

3. alternative

1) 玭. 可供選擇的事物

例: You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives.

你的工資可以按周現(xiàn)金支取,也可以按月支票支取。二者可選其一。

2) 玜dj. 可供替代的

例:Do you have an alternative solution to the problem? 你有沒有別的辦法來解決這個問題?

拓展:alternative energy 替代性能源

例:Alternative energy resources are renewable, which means they can be used without running out. 替代性能源是可再生能源,即它們是用之不竭的能源。

【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】

have no alternative but to do sth. =have no choice but to do sth.=cant choose but do sth.

【基礎(chǔ)提升】

You have the _______________of working hard and being successful or of not working hard and being unsuccessful.

A. selectionB. choice

C. alternativeD. option

答案:C。

4. transmit 玽.

1) 傳輸,發(fā)送 (信號,電波等)

例:The survivors of the shipwreck transmitted a distress signal every hour. 船難的幸存者每小時發(fā)送一次痛苦的信號。

2) 傳播,傳染 (病毒,疾病等)

例:The infection is transmitted by mosquitoes. 這種感染是通過蚊子來傳播的。

拓展:transmit 的名詞形式是transmission,the transmission of disease 疾病的傳播

【詞義辨析】transmit, transport, convey, transfer, transform, switch

1) transmit 特指信息,信號的“傳送”,疾病的“傳播”。

2) transport和convey都可表示運送人和物,convey還可表示“表達,傳達,轉(zhuǎn)達”各種情感。

3) transfer 指地點,工作崗位,交通方式等的“轉(zhuǎn)變,變化”。

4) transform 指事物形式、外表或本質(zhì)等發(fā)生“轉(zhuǎn)變,變化”。

5) switch 指人或事發(fā)生突然或徹底的“變化”,也指工作的“轉(zhuǎn)變”。

【即時操練】

1) This disease has been _______________from animals to humans.

2) Our governments anger was_______________to their ambassador.

3) In only 20 years, the country has been_______________into an advanced industrial power.

4) The football star is hoping to_______________to another European club soon.

5) Public buses are used to_______________passengers from one place to another.

6) He got tired of teaching and_______________to writing stories.

答案:1) transmitted 2) conveyed 3) transformed 4) transfer 5) transport / convey 6) switched

5. put pressure on 給……施加壓力

put pressure on sb. to do sth. 強迫某人做某事

例:The public put pressure on the government to change the law. 公眾給政府施加壓力,讓其改變法律。

拓展:high blood pressure 高血壓;be under pressure 在高壓之下;be under pressure to do sth. 被迫做某事;at high pressure 拼命。

【基礎(chǔ)提升】介詞填空

1) He is_______________strong pressure to vote with the government on this issue.

2) The man worked_______________high pressure to complete the task in time.

答案:1) under 2) at

6. contribute to

1) 促使,導(dǎo)致

例:Smoking and drinking can contribute to lung diseases. 抽煙酗酒會導(dǎo)致肺病。

2) 捐贈,捐助

例:I contributed a pound to Janes birthday present. 我湊資1英鎊幫助買簡的生日禮物。

3) 投稿,撰稿

例:He regularly contributes to the college magazine. 他經(jīng)常向校刊投稿。

拓展:表示“導(dǎo)致,促使”的相關(guān)詞組有:lead to, result in, bring about等,contribute 的名詞是contribution, make contributions to…對……做出貢獻。

Module 10 Unit 2

1. suspect

1) 玭. 嫌疑犯,可疑對象

例:He was considered to be the prime suspect of the case. 他被認為是這樁案子的首要疑犯。

2) 玽. 懷疑,不相信

例:If you suspect that the meat has gone bad, dont eat it. 如果你懷疑肉變質(zhì)了,就不要吃。

3) suspect sb. of sth. / doing sth. 懷疑某人某事 (有某種罪行)

例:He was dismissed from the factory after being suspected of theft. 在被懷疑有偷竊行為后,他被工廠開除。

4) suspect sb. to be 懷疑,猜疑某人是……

例:We suspect him to be the murderer, who is wanted by the police.

=We suspect that he is the murderer, who is wanted by the police.

我們猜疑他就是警察通緝的殺人犯。

拓展:suspicion 玭. 懷疑,嫌疑;under suspicion 受到懷疑;above suspicion不受懷疑;suspicious 玜dj. 猜疑的,疑心的,可疑的

【即時操練】

He was _______________of letting out state secrets deliberately and arrested last month.

A. doubtedB. suspected

C. expectedD. inspected

答案:B。

2. submit (to sth. / sb.)

1) 屈服,投降

例:He was losing the match ,but he would not submit to his opponent. 盡管快要輸?shù)舯荣?但他絕不向?qū)κ智?/p>

2) 服從,聽從

例:We will submit ourselves to the courts judgment. 我們將服從法庭的判決。

3) 遞交,提交

例:They submitted the proposal to the committee for their approval. 他們向委員會提交議案以求得到批準。

4) 認為,建議 (根據(jù)法律的)

例:I submit that the jury has been influenced by the publicity in the case. 我認為陪審團在這個案件里收到宣傳報道的影響。

3. take advantage of 利用……

例:You should take advantage of the fine weather to paint the fence. 你應(yīng)該利用這好天氣來油漆柵欄。

拓展:1) have an advantage over sb. in sth. 在某個方面比某人有優(yōu)勢

例:She has a big advantage over the other applicants for the job in teaching experience.

她在教學(xué)經(jīng)驗方面比其他的求職者有很大的優(yōu)勢。

2) be to ones advantage 對……有利;3) be at an advantage 處于優(yōu)勢地位;4) take advantage of = make use of;5) 請注意take… of 的短語,如:take care of, take hold of, take notice of, take charge of, take control of

【即時操練】

1) I felt that my friends were taking _______________of me as a free babysitter.

2) My parents tell me to take _______________of my health at school.

3) Some young people take no _______________of traffic rules and cause accidents.

4) The old man took_______________of the policemans hand and thanked him very much.

5) When the teacher is absent, the monitor takes_______________of the whole class.

6) The British army invaded France and took _______________of the country in 1637.

【答案】1) advantage 2) care 3) notice 4) hold 5) charge 6) control

4. take to (to 是介詞)

1) 喜歡

例:She took to her new boss immediately after she entered the company. 她進入公司后馬上對新老板產(chǎn)生了好感。

2) 開始從事

例:Just lately, he has taken to hiding his socks under the carpet. 最近,他開始喜歡把襪子藏在地毯下。

3) 逃入,躲藏

例:The criminals took to the hills to escape from the police. 犯罪分子躲入山中來逃避警察的追捕。

【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】

take down拿下,記下,拆掉;take in吸收,收留,理解,欺騙;take off 起飛,脫下,成功,休假;take up占據(jù),從事,拿起;take on呈現(xiàn),雇傭;take over 接管;take away 拿走,帶走;take out取出,拿出,除去;take back取回,收回

【即時操練】

1) I will go to hospital to have my bad tooth_______________.

2) His son will _______________the company after the manager retires.

3) He was_______________by the police for having a fight with others after drinking.

4) Dont be _______________by products which claim to help you lose weight in a week.

5) Yao Mings football career _______________after he joined the NBA.

6) He_______________drinking all day after his wife passed away.

7) The old man_______________jogging in the morning to keep healthy.

8) Our hometown_______________ a new look in the past few years.

【答案】1) taken out 2) take over 3) taken away 4) taken in 5) took off 6) took to 7) takes up 8) has taken on

5. account for

1) 說明 (事實),解釋 (原因)

例:The defendant couldnt account for the fact that the money was found in his house. 被告無法解釋錢在他家被發(fā)現(xiàn)的事實。

2) 報賬

例:The accountant has to account to the chairman for how he spends the companys money. 會計不得不向主席報告公司的賬目。

3) 占據(jù) (比例)

例:About 200 students suffered from the flu, which accounted for nearly 20 percent of the whole school. 大約200名學(xué)生患流感,將近占了學(xué)?？倢W(xué)生數(shù)的20%。

拓展:account的名詞還是account

1) 賬目,賬號

例:My salary is paid directly into my bank account. 我的薪水直接打入我的銀行賬號。

The accounts show that the business is improving. 賬目表明生意正在好轉(zhuǎn)。

2) 敘述,報告

例:This book gives us an account of what happened in the small town long ago. 這本書給我們描述了從前小鎮(zhèn)所發(fā)生的事。

3) 考慮,估計

take account of sth. / take sth. into account 考慮某事

例:His exam results were not very good, but we must take into account his long absence from class. 他的考試結(jié)果不太好,但我們也必須考慮到他長期缺課

4) 理由,原因

on account of = because of 因為;on no account = by no means / in noway 絕不;on this / that account 因為這個 / 那個原因

例:Was it on account of what I said yesterday that he got angry? 是因為我昨天所說的他生氣的嗎?

On no account can you leave the baby alone in the house. 你絕不能把嬰兒單獨留在屋子里。

5) on ones own account 因為某人自己的利益

6) of great / no account= of great / no importance

6. look at

1) 看看 (欣賞之意)

例:May I look at your new evening dress? 我可以看看你的新晚禮服嗎?

2) 檢查

例:I asked the engineer to look at my car because I did not like the noise it was making. 我請這位工程師幫我檢查車子,因為我不喜歡它產(chǎn)生的噪音。

3) 研究

例:The company is looking at a new way to market their latest products. 公司正在研究一種新方法來讓最新產(chǎn)品投放市場。

4) 考慮

例:I wouldnt look at such a small offer. 我絕不會考慮這種小恩小惠。

5) 看看 (警告之意)

例:Look at Jackson; driving after drinking almost killed him. 看看杰克遜,酒后駕車差點要他的命。

【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】

look after 照料;look for尋找;look up查詢;look up to sb. 仰慕某人;look down on / upon sb.瞧不起某人;look into調(diào)查;look through瀏覽;look round 環(huán)視;look out當心,小心

【即時操練】

1) We can _______________some useful information on the computer for our written work.

2) Its wrong to_______________ the disabled people.

3) The case is _______________, and we are sure the murderer will be caught soon

4) My tooth feels painful. I would like to have it_______________by a dentist.

5) I dont want to buy anything. I _______________just.

【答案】

1) look up 2) look down upon / on 3) being looked into 4) looked at 5) am looking round