淺談英語的形容詞和副詞

石玉俠

初中英語教學(xué)中的形容詞和副詞是教學(xué)的難點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn).初中學(xué)生對此很是迷惑.據(jù)此我想談?wù)勛约旱母惺?/p>

英語的形容詞和副詞在語法結(jié)構(gòu)中主要用于原級、比較級和最高級。形容詞和副詞的構(gòu)成形式基本上一樣，他們的形式與單音節(jié)、雙音節(jié)、多音節(jié)有關(guān)，當(dāng)然還有它特殊形式．形容詞和副詞的基本用法分為同級比較、比較級和最高級三種形式．但這三種形式都有它們的特殊的表達(dá)方式以及他們的慣用法．對以下要點(diǎn)大家要一一掌握．

第一節(jié) 形容詞的比較級和最高級的形式

一、形容詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成

1.一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加er或est,如

strong—stronger—strongest long—longer—longest

2.單音節(jié)詞如果以e結(jié)尾,只加r或st,如：strange—stranger—strangest nice—nicer—nicest

3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母，應(yīng)先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加er或est,如：big—bigger—biggest thin—thinner—thinnest

4.少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞末尾加er或est（以y結(jié)尾的詞，如果y前是輔音字母，把y變i再加er或est）如：angry—angrier—angriest clever—cleverer—cleverest

5.其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞都在前面加more和most,如：┆

different—more different—most different

comfortable—more comfortable—most comfortable

例句：改錯：

1)The most high mountain in the world is Mount Everest,which is situated in Nepal and is twenty-nine thousand and forty-one feet high.(正確答案：將most high改為highest)

2)This book is interestinger than that one I bought in Rapid City last year.(正確答案:將interestinger改為more interesting)

3)Doing English project is often differenter than doing math project every day.(正確答案:將differenter改為more different)

二、形容詞的比較級或最高級的特殊形式:

1.三個或三個以上音節(jié)的形容詞只能加more 或most.只能說more beautiful 而不能說beautifuller,只能說the most beautiful而不能說beautifullest.

但是,以形容詞前綴un結(jié)尾的三音節(jié)形容詞不適和上述情況,如unhappy,untidy可以說:unhappier—unhappiest,untidier—untidiest

2.由ING分詞和ED分詞演變過來的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動詞如know—known)只能加more或most來表示他們的比較級和最高級.more(most)interesting,more(most)wounded等.

例句:The student in high school are tireder than those in Primary school.(正確答案:將tireder改為more tired)

3.英語里有些形容詞由于其意義而不能有比較級形式,如:possible，whole 等.

三、不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級和最高級

good/well—better—bestbad/ill—worse—worst

many/much—more—most little—less—least

farfarther—farthest

further—furthest

注意:形容詞的最高級前必須加the.

例句:改錯:

1)African elephants are larger and difficulter to tame than Asian elephants.(正確答案:將difficulter改為more difficult)

2)Of all the students in Class Six，Li Ming is a hardest.(正確答案:將a改為the)

第二節(jié) 副詞的比較級和最高級的形式

副詞的比較級和最高級的變化形式和形容詞的變化形式基本一樣.如:hard—harder—hardest fast—faster—fastest；late—later—latest early—earlier—earliest

特殊副詞如下:Well—better—best much—more—most；badly—worse—worst little—less—least

但是以后綴ly結(jié)尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加er或 est,如而應(yīng)該加more或most構(gòu)成比較級或最高級,如:quickly—more quickly—most quickly quietly—more quietly—most quickly

(注意:early中的 ly不是后綴,所以把y變i再加er和est)

第三節(jié) 形容詞和副詞的等級的基本用法

一、原級比較的基本用法

原級比較由“as+形容詞或副詞+ as”構(gòu)成比較,表示兩者比較.其否定形式為“not as/詞或副詞+ as”,如:Mary is not as good as her sister at math.So she works harder than her；Our classroom is as big as theirs now；Lucy is not so healthy as Lily.Her mother often tells her to do more exercise.

二、比較級的基本用法

1.比較級由“形容詞或副詞的比較級+than+…”構(gòu)成,表示兩者/方比較.Than后面可以接句子,也可以接名詞代詞動詞-ing等.(注意:有時可以省去than)如:

單選:1)She is older than

A.any other girl in the class

B.any girl in the class

C.all girls in the class

(正確答案:A)

2.注意than 前后所比較的人或物要一致,必須同類比較.如:

單選:2)Toms hair is longer than.

A.Mike B.MikesC.Mike does

(正確答案:B)

3)Sound travelsair.

A.faster through water than through

B.faster than through water and

C.through water faster and

(正確答案:A)

3.“the+形容詞的比較級+of the two+…”形式,表示兩者中有一個最……,如:

Lucy is the older of the twins.

Of the two boys，Jone is the better at Chinese.

4.“the +比較級+……，the+比較級+…….形式,表示“越……，越……”,如:

The harder you study，the better grades you will get.

The more beautiful our school is，the happier we will be.

三、最高級的基本用法

1.最高級用于三者或三者以上比較,句中常跟表示范圍的短語或句子,如all，of all，in the world等第.如:

（1）The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.

（2）Of all the stars，the moon is the nearest to us.

（3）Tom works(the)hardest in his class.

（4）Xiao Ming is one of the tallest students in this school.

(注意:再次提示，形容詞的最高級的前面必加the，副詞的最高級前面可以不加the.如第一項的例句(3))

第四節(jié) 形容詞和副詞的特殊用法

一、as+原級+as possible,如:

Dont worry! I will get to your house as soon as possible.

He has as many books as Mary does.

二、“the same+名詞+as”表示同等比較,如:

Today Tom wears the same clothes as I do.

Look! Mary has the same haircut as Linda.

三、比較級前可以加a little，a bit，a lot，much，even等做修飾語,如:

Tom has made much more progress in geography this semester.

The photos of Mars taken by satellite are even clearer than those taken from the earth.

第五節(jié) 兼有兩種形式的副詞

一、異形同義詞,如slow與slowly quick與quicklyloud與loudly等第.這類動詞用于比較級時,多使用前者.

例句:Allen was walking quickly，but George was walking even quicker.

The car went slower and slower until it came to a stop.

Lets see who can run quickest.

二、異形異義詞,這類動詞初中階段學(xué)得很少,現(xiàn)舉例說明.

1.hard adv.努力地 Hardly adv.幾乎沒有

例句:He works hard all day.他整天努力地工作； He hardly works at all.他幾乎不工作.

2.late adv..晚lately adv.最近

例句：You have come too late today； What have you been doing lately?

3.wide adv.寬地 Widely adv.廣泛地

例句:He opened the door wide； English is widely used in the world.