戀戀布達(dá)佩斯

Ｃａｒｏｌｉｎａ?。耍铮觯幔悖?/p>

編者按：匈牙利首都布達(dá)佩斯是全國(guó)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化中心，也是歐洲著名的古城。它風(fēng)光秀麗，景色如畫，被人們譽(yù)為“多瑙河畔的明珠”。它是大詩(shī)人裴多菲、音樂家李斯特以及翻云覆雨的金融巨鱷索羅斯的故鄉(xiāng)，還是茜茜公主愛戀的土地，那么，今天就讓我們一起隨著作者來(lái)感受這座曼妙的城市吧。

I don?t think there?s anything more beautiful in the world than the Danube on a clear summer day.In the clear light, with the water sparkling, you can see the deep intensity of colour which caused the great river to be known as ?the Blue Danube.? Incredibly wide, it seems more like a sea than a river; it takes fifteen minutes or more to walk across it at points. It looks so pure you can drink it – that wouldn?t be a good idea, though!

我認(rèn)為世界上再也沒有任何事物能夠美過明朗夏日里的多瑙河。在明亮的日光中，波光瀲滟，你能看見使得這條河的顏色是多么的深，這正是它被譽(yù)為“藍(lán)色多瑙河”的原因。河面寬闊得令人難以置信，更像是一片海。步行穿過它要花上十五分鐘甚至更久的時(shí)間。多瑙河看起來(lái)如此純凈，你甚至?xí)雵L上一口——但這可不是個(gè)好主意。

The Danube cuts right through one of my favourite cities in the world, Budapest. In fact, the Hungarian capital was originally two cities, Buda and Pest. Pest was a political and trading city, sleepy Buda, set among the hills on the other side of the river, a place for the Hungarian nobility to relax. The two halves of the city still keep the same feel, and people will talk of ?going over to Buda for the day.? Pest is a thriving urban metropolis, full of shopping malls and new skyscrapers, while Buda is less a city than a big country town, a lovely place to wander about and smell the fresh air.

多瑙河正好穿過世界上我最愛的城市之一——布達(dá)佩斯。實(shí)際上，匈牙利的首都最初是兩個(gè)城市，布達(dá)和佩斯。佩斯曾是一個(gè)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)城市，而安靜的布達(dá)則依偎在河流另一邊的山脈下，成為匈牙利著名的休閑地。這座城市的兩個(gè)部分仍然保持著同樣的感覺，人們會(huì)談?wù)撝叭ゲ歼_(dá)游玩”。佩斯是一個(gè)興旺發(fā)達(dá)的現(xiàn)代都市，商場(chǎng)密布，高樓林立，而布達(dá)則更像一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村城鎮(zhèn)，是一個(gè)適合四處閑逛、呼吸新鮮空氣的好地方。

I was in Budapest on a long trip round Europe after finishing a Ph.D. After several years of being buried in scholarly detail, I was looking forward to just relaxing, seeing parts of the continent I had never been to, and catching up with old friends. I wanted to follow the great rivers in particular, the Danube and the Rhine and so on; I love to swim and to paddle, and always preferred rivers and seas to pools. Budapest wasn?t new to me. My father?s family is Hungarian (and my name, Kovacs, is a very common one in the country) and I had been there as a child – but this was my first time to look at the city with adult eyes.

結(jié)束博士課程后我進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期環(huán)歐旅行并來(lái)到了布達(dá)佩斯。埋頭于學(xué)術(shù)研究數(shù)年，我期待著能夠好好放松一下，看看我從沒有見過的一些歐洲大陸國(guó)家，會(huì)會(huì)老朋友。尤其想追隨偉大的河流，多瑙河、萊茵河等等。我喜歡游泳，還有泛舟水面，相比較于池塘，我一直都更喜歡河流與大海。布達(dá)佩斯對(duì)我而言并不陌生，我父親的家在匈牙利（我的名字Kovacs在這個(gè)城市非常普遍），我的童年是在那里度過的，但這是我第一次用成人的目光來(lái)打量這座城市。

The city had changed almost beyond my comprehension since the 1980s, too. Back then, Budapest was still behind the ?Iron Curtain,? part of the Soviet bloc; it had only become truly independent in 1989. While the suburbs were still full of dark Soviet-style housing blocks, the city centre itself, which I remembered as being drab and grey, had been transformed in the last twenty years. The buildings were only painted up to twenty feet or so, because that was the highest that a visiting Russian official could see from his limousine. Everywhere I looked there were flashy advertisements, new supermarkets, brand-name stores and coffee shops. On the edges there were plenty of more dubious establishments, like strip clubs, a sign that the new society wasn?t always pleasant, but the city was thriving, the streets busy and the shops full. Budapest is a university town – not only the old Budapest institutes are based there, but also the new Central European University, founded by multi-millionaire George Soros and full of students from dozens of countries.

這個(gè)城市自上個(gè)世紀(jì)八十年代以來(lái)也變得超出我的理解能力之外?；叵肽菚r(shí)，布達(dá)佩斯仍舊處于“鐵幕”之下，作為蘇維埃政權(quán)的一部分，直到1989年它才真正獨(dú)立。而郊區(qū)仍滿是黑色的蘇維埃式建筑，我記憶中城市中心滿是褐色以及灰色的建筑都在過去二十年里全部改變了。所有的建筑物曾經(jīng)都只粉刷到大約二十英尺，因?yàn)檫@是來(lái)訪的俄國(guó)軍官坐在豪華轎車?yán)锼芸吹降淖罡吒叨?。環(huán)顧四周我所能看到的都是俗麗的廣告、新興超市、品牌商店以及咖啡館。在不顯眼的地方有很多可疑的建筑物，像脫衣舞夜總會(huì)，標(biāo)志著這個(gè)新興的社會(huì)并不是一直那么愉悅，但是這個(gè)城市是繁榮的，街道是忙碌的，商店里更是熙來(lái)攘往。布達(dá)佩斯是一個(gè)大學(xué)城——不僅擁有多所歷史久遠(yuǎn)的布達(dá)佩斯學(xué)院，還有新興的中歐大學(xué)，它是由大富豪喬治?索羅斯建立，無(wú)數(shù)國(guó)家的學(xué)生云集其中。

Student life centred around Budapest?s many coffee shops, from big, glitzy places in the lobbies of old hotels to small, cosy establishments in basements where you sat on huge bean bags and drunk from oversize mugs. I gorged myself on Hungarian and Austrian cakes, ruining months of dieting with chocolate and toffee. Not only students attend these wonderful cafes, however, but all kinds of people from different walks of life; old grandmothers, young kids just out of school, businessmen taking a break from work. The chatter of a dozen different languages can be heard; German, Hungarian, French, Bulgarian, English. Budapest has always been a multicultural and multilingual city, a gateway between the two Europes, East and West. Part of this, of course, is that nobody else speaks Hungarian, a horrendously difficult language totally separate from other European tongues, and so Hungarians have always been forced to be adept linguists. I speak very poor Hungarian, but barely had a chance to practice it, since as soon as my interlocutor found I was a foreigner they would switch to German or English.

學(xué)生們的生活都集中在布達(dá)佩斯的眾多咖啡館里，從位于舊式旅館大廳中的豪華大型咖啡館到位于地下室的舒適小巧咖啡店，后者你可以坐在裝滿豆子的大袋子上，用超大的杯子喝咖啡。我美美地享受了匈牙利和奧地利蛋糕，還有讓我堅(jiān)持?jǐn)?shù)月的減肥計(jì)劃功虧一簣的巧克力和太妃糖。然而，不僅僅只有學(xué)生才來(lái)咖啡館，還有來(lái)自各個(gè)不同的階層的人；年邁的祖母，剛剛放學(xué)的年幼的孩子以及工作之余小憩的商人。你可以聽見很多種不同的語(yǔ)言在交流，德語(yǔ)、匈牙利語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)、保加利亞語(yǔ)還有英語(yǔ)。布達(dá)佩斯一直都是一個(gè)多文化、多語(yǔ)言的城市，東歐和西歐的橋梁。當(dāng)然，也許這是原因之一，其他人都不會(huì)說(shuō)匈牙利語(yǔ)——一種異常難學(xué)、完全不同于歐洲其他發(fā)音的語(yǔ)言，所以匈牙利人一直被迫成為通曉各國(guó)語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)言學(xué)家。我只會(huì)說(shuō)一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)匈牙利語(yǔ)，但很少有機(jī)會(huì)練習(xí)，當(dāng)談話的人發(fā)現(xiàn)我是外國(guó)人時(shí)人們就會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)而使用德語(yǔ)或者英語(yǔ)。

As I walked along, I suddenly heard music, and saw an orchestra playing by the side of the river, in an old square. A few hundred people were gathering around, listening – but not with any great reverence, but chatting and laughing among themselves, enjoying the summer day. The orchestra was playing Liszt, Hungary?s most famous musical son, but they weren?t the only musicians out that day. Walking further, I heard jazz, rock, blues, soul – it was the middle of the Budapest Music Festival, bringing music out into the open air for people to enjoy for free! Everybody seemed to be enjoying it, and I was no exception; the combination of music, clean summer air, and the deep beauty of the river made it an almost perfect day.

當(dāng)我漫步在大街上時(shí)我忽然聽見了音樂聲，并看見一個(gè)管弦樂隊(duì)正在河邊的一個(gè)老廣場(chǎng)演奏。一些人正圍在四周傾聽——但并沒有帶著多少敬意，他們不停地談笑著，享受著夏日時(shí)光。這個(gè)管弦樂隊(duì)正在演奏著名的匈牙利音樂巨子李斯特的曲子，但他們并不是那天唯一的音樂家。再往前走，我就聽見爵士、搖滾、藍(lán)調(diào)還有靈魂樂——當(dāng)時(shí)正是布達(dá)佩斯音樂節(jié)，將音樂帶到戶外讓更多人免費(fèi)欣賞。大家看起來(lái)都很享受，我也不例外。音樂、清新的夏日氣息還有多瑙河的異常美麗交織在一起，造就了近乎完美的一天。

But the Danube also brought an unexpected moment of sadness, too. On the banks, I saw an odd sculpture. It looked like a cluster of discarded old shoes, but looking closer I saw that they were made of bronze, and fixed to the street. A small plaque explained that this was a memorial for the Hungarian Jews murdered by the Arrow Cross Militiamen, the Hungarian Fascist Party who briefly and lethally ruled the city in 1944-1945. Hundreds of Jews had been lined up along the bank and shot, their bodies falling into my beautiful river.

但多瑙河也有意想不到的悲傷時(shí)刻。河岸邊，我看見一座奇怪的雕塑。它看起來(lái)像是廢棄的舊鞋子堆積而成，但是走近細(xì)看我發(fā)現(xiàn)它們是用銅制作的，固定在街道上。一塊小匾解釋說(shuō)這是為了紀(jì)念1944到1945年期間被殘酷統(tǒng)治這座城市的匈牙利納粹組織“箭十字軍”所槍殺的數(shù)百名匈牙利猶太人。他們被排成一排在河岸邊槍殺，身體相繼掉進(jìn)美麗的多瑙河中。

There were prouder moments of history, though. Just ahead of the shoes, rising above the embankment, was the magnificent neo-Gothic building of the Hungarian Parliament. Huge and spiky, it looms over the river, visible for miles around. Three hundred metres long and a hundred metres high, it?s the largest building in the country, and is a maze of rooms and corridors and halls inside. Going in, I was surrounded by statues; past Hungarian kings and leaders and heroes looked sternly down on me from the alcoves, along with fierce-looking lions. (There are another pair of lion statues on a bridge just down from the Parliament, but they?re foreigners – built in Britain, and erected by the Scottish engineer hired to build the bridge.) Inside, a kindly old guide explained some of the treasures and kings to me, tolerating my poor Hungarian even though his English was far better.

但也有歷史上驕傲的瞬間。就在鞋子前面，河堤之上，那里是宏偉的新哥特式匈牙利國(guó)會(huì)大廈。這座建筑物體積龐大，頂尖高聳，在河面上若隱若現(xiàn)，在幾英里外都能看見。匈牙利國(guó)會(huì)大廈寬300米，高100米，是這個(gè)國(guó)家最大的建筑物，里面盡是迷宮似的房間、走廊以及大廳。走入其中，我被雕像包圍，過去的匈牙利國(guó)王還有首領(lǐng)以及英雄們和兇猛的獅子一起從高處表情嚴(yán)峻地看著我。（直通國(guó)會(huì)大廈的橋上也有兩座獅子，不過它們是外來(lái)者——在英國(guó)建造，由修建這座大橋的蘇格蘭工程師所豎立。）在里面一位善良的老向?qū)蛭医忉屃诉@些珍寶和國(guó)王，盡管他的英語(yǔ)要好得多，但還是忍受著我糟糕的匈牙利語(yǔ)。

I went to its counterpart in Buda the next day. The Castle Hill was the seat of the old Hungarian kings, before the country became united under one contentious monarchy with Austria – the cause of many struggles and revolutions since, until Hungary became independent after the First World War. (This is imprinted in local culture; Hungarians will still not toast with beer, only wine, because the Austrians toasted with beer after hanging the Hungarian rebels of 1848.) As the name says, the castles and palaces are on the top of one of Buda?s many hills, looking down on the river.For a simple American girl like me, the huge halls and beautiful palaces on the hill were wildly romantic, like something out of a fairytale. You can?t get into everything, but the bits I could see were fantastic; huge marble staircases and giant chandeliers. A lot of the space was given up to museums about the history of Budapest itself, but I largely ignored those and concentrated on the glory of the landscape.

第二天我就來(lái)到布達(dá)一個(gè)和它相當(dāng)?shù)闹包c(diǎn)。在匈牙利與奧地利被飽受爭(zhēng)議的政權(quán)統(tǒng)一前（這也是在一戰(zhàn)后匈牙利獨(dú)立前戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)革命不斷的原因），蓋勒特山丘是匈牙利國(guó)王的所在地。（這一點(diǎn)被當(dāng)?shù)匚幕懹洠傺览艘琅f不用啤酒慶祝，只用白酒，因?yàn)閵W地利人在1848年絞死匈牙利革命軍后就是用啤酒歡慶的。）就如同名字一樣，城堡和宮殿都位于布達(dá)山脈之巔，從高處俯覽河流。對(duì)于一個(gè)淳樸如我的美國(guó)女孩來(lái)說(shuō)，這種建在山脈上的宏偉的大廳和宮殿簡(jiǎn)直浪漫到極致，就像從童話中走出來(lái)的一般。你無(wú)法走進(jìn)所有的景點(diǎn)，但是所有我眼見之物都充滿奇幻色彩，碩大的大理石階梯以及巨大的支形吊燈。而更多的空間則留給了講述布達(dá)佩斯歷史的博物館，但我?guī)缀鹾鲆暳诉@些，完全沉溺于景色的壯麗。

Soon afterwards, my friend Elizabeth introduced me to a more homespun pleasure; outdoor bathing! The Danube is spotted with islands, and some of them have big public baths on them.She took me to the most famous, Margaret Island. Thousands of families go there every day in the summer, splashing and swimming and playing in massive outdoor pools. We went to a smaller spa, luxuriating in the gorgeous water and flirting with the boys who come there to meet girls. I was chatted up by a gorgeous athlete called Matthias, over six feet tall and with a dazzling white smile, who didn?t seem put off when I mentioned my boyfriend back in the USA. The boys took us around the rest of the island later, treating us to a picnic in one of the wooded areas and throwing bits of bread to the squirrels which run all over the island.

稍后不久，我的朋友伊麗莎白介紹我去享受一種更為簡(jiǎn)單自然的快樂，露天游泳！多瑙河被無(wú)數(shù)小島點(diǎn)綴著，其中一些擁有大型公眾浴場(chǎng)。她帶我去了最出名的瑪格烈島。成千上萬(wàn)的家庭在夏季每天都去那里，在大型戶外池塘里戲水、游泳和玩耍。我們?nèi)チ艘粋€(gè)較小的礦泉，在極其舒適的水里享受著，并和前來(lái)搭訕的男孩聊天。我被一個(gè)名叫馬提亞的帥氣運(yùn)動(dòng)員搭訕，他有6英尺多高，笑的時(shí)候露著一口白牙，在我提及在美國(guó)的男朋友時(shí)也毫不氣餒。稍后男孩們帶著我們逛了逛島上其它的地方，在野地里進(jìn)行野餐來(lái)招待我們，并將面包屑喂食島上四竄的小松鼠。

Outside of Budapest, you can take ferries up the river to see other major Hungarian sites. It doesn?t take long, as this is a tiny country – you could drive across it in a few hours. I took a boat up to see Visegrad, another magnificent Hungarian castle, built as a summer palace for one of the old kings, Matthius Corvinus. On the boat back, enjoying the stillness of the river and the chatter of my companions, I thought about how lucky I was to see this small, charming country, and where I could follow the Danube to next.

出了布達(dá)佩斯，你可以乘船去看看匈牙利其它的大城市。這個(gè)國(guó)家不大，不會(huì)花費(fèi)太久時(shí)間——你甚至只需幾小時(shí)驅(qū)車就可以穿過整個(gè)國(guó)家。我乘船去游覽了維謝格拉德——匈牙利另一個(gè)雄偉的城堡，是為古代一個(gè)國(guó)王馬查什?科韋努斯所建的夏日行宮。在乘船回來(lái)的路上，享受著河面的寧?kù)o，與同伴們閑談，我覺得自己何其幸運(yùn)看見了這個(gè)小巧、迷人的國(guó)家，在這里我可以沿著多瑙河繼續(xù)前行。

Tips

著名景點(diǎn)

馬伽什教堂：馬伽什大教堂由匈牙利歷史上最成功的皇帝馬伽什所建，馬伽什是一位狂熱的藝術(shù)愛好者和建筑鑒賞家。在他統(tǒng)治期間，大量翻新、增蓋建筑，把布達(dá)佩斯、埃斯泰爾戈姆、維塞格拉德變成華麗的城鎮(zhèn)；至今，教堂地下的珍寶館中，還收藏著茜茜公主戴過的白金面紗。

漁人堡：漁人堡建于1905年，最早曾是個(gè)魚市，后來(lái)漁民們?yōu)榱吮Ｗo(hù)自己的利益而修建了此堡，作為防御之用。米白色的建筑、仿佛童話城堡般的造型，加上獨(dú)特的地理位置，站在這里可以鳥瞰布達(dá)佩斯全城美麗的風(fēng)光。

圣?史蒂芬國(guó)王雕像：圣?史蒂芬國(guó)王是匈牙利第一個(gè)天主教國(guó)王（公元1000年加冕），同時(shí)也可以說(shuō)是匈牙利國(guó)的建立者。

鏈子橋：鏈子橋于1839年開始興建，1849年完成，二次大戰(zhàn)期間德軍為了鞏固他們?cè)诔潜ど缴系谋?，將橋梁全部炸毀，歷經(jīng)戰(zhàn)后的重建，鏈子橋在完工后的一百年即1949年重新通行。鏈子橋是第一座真正連接佩斯與布達(dá)兩城的永久性建筑。正如塔橋是倫敦的標(biāo)志一樣，鏈子橋多少年來(lái)一直是布達(dá)佩斯的象征。

英雄廣場(chǎng)：英雄廣場(chǎng)的中央是一尊高達(dá)36米的巨型紀(jì)念碑，名曰：千年紀(jì)念碑。是1896年為了紀(jì)念率領(lǐng)凱旋的匈牙利民族進(jìn)駐喀爾巴阡盆地1000年而建。在紀(jì)念碑的頂端加百利一手高舉羅馬教皇的十字架，一手持匈牙利的王冠展翅賜福匈牙利。碑座平臺(tái)上是阿爾帕德及他率領(lǐng)的6個(gè)主要部落的首領(lǐng)。碑后方，是兩個(gè)半圓形廊柱，陳列著歷代的明君圣主，或戰(zhàn)功顯赫的將軍們。

最佳旅游季節(jié)

布達(dá)佩斯有著錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的歷史，所以每個(gè)季節(jié)都有自己的節(jié)日。6月的布達(dá)佩斯節(jié)是火熱的搖滾樂和流行音樂節(jié)，9月是國(guó)際葡萄酒與香檳節(jié)，在城堡地區(qū)舉行。在布達(dá)佩斯夏日歌劇和芭蕾舞節(jié)能欣賞到最好的高尚文化。

交通

只要不是積雪太多，布達(dá)佩斯大部分地方都非常適合騎自行車，包括城市和納普里格的公園、瑪格麗特島、歐布達(dá)島和賽培爾群島和布達(dá)小山。你可在瑪格麗特島和城市公園租單車，悠然游走。布達(dá)佩斯公交車有兩種，藍(lán)色的是市區(qū)車，黃色的是郊區(qū)車。車票可以到報(bào)刊亭、自動(dòng)售票機(jī)、地鐵口購(gòu)買。如果您有布達(dá)佩斯卡的話，可以免費(fèi)乘坐布達(dá)佩斯交通公司的所有公共交通工具。

布達(dá)佩斯卡

如果擁有布達(dá)佩斯卡，那么在剛到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)的時(shí)候就可以更便宜地叫上一輛小巴士了。而在市區(qū)，則能將這種卡作為公共交通工具的車票使用。有了布達(dá)佩斯卡，還能在特定的博物館、以及動(dòng)物園、游樂園、布達(dá)的地下溶洞獲得優(yōu)惠門票或免費(fèi)進(jìn)入。用這種卡，在城市觀光旅行和一些文化活動(dòng)中可享受優(yōu)惠，而且在一些特定的餐館、咖啡館和商店中，持卡者也可獲得較為便宜的價(jià)格。

小費(fèi)

一般情況下支付小費(fèi)金額是總價(jià)格的10%，要客人根據(jù)服務(wù)質(zhì)量而定。

Notes

1. wander about

意為“徘徊、轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)去”。

例句：Don't wander about the room like that. Get something to do.

不要那樣在房間里亂走，找點(diǎn)事情做。

2. bury

該詞語(yǔ)有多種意思，最常見的就是“埋葬；掩埋、埋藏”，在這句話中指的是“沉溺于、專心于”。

例句：The old man is burying his money.

老頭正在埋藏他的錢。

Her head was buried in a book.

她在埋頭讀書。

3. Iron Curtain

鐵幕。指的是冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期將歐洲分為兩個(gè)受不同政治影響區(qū)域的界線。當(dāng)時(shí)，東歐屬于蘇聯(lián)（共產(chǎn)主義）的勢(shì)力范圍，而西歐則屬于美國(guó)（資本主義）的勢(shì)力范圍。這個(gè)詞出自英國(guó)首相溫斯頓?丘吉爾在美國(guó)密蘇里州富爾敦城的威斯敏斯特學(xué)院所發(fā)表的題為《和平砥柱》的演講。

4. walk of life

意為“行業(yè)、社會(huì)階層”。

例句：She did not want her son to marry a girl in a different walk of life.

她不希望兒子和一個(gè)門不當(dāng)戶不對(duì)的姑娘結(jié)婚。

5. get into

意為“進(jìn)入、陷入；對(duì)……發(fā)生興趣；養(yǎng)成”，在文中指的是“作者沒有被允許進(jìn)入所有的地方”，就像你去某些地方旅游，有的景點(diǎn)并不對(duì)外開放。

例句：They will get into London this afternoon.

他們今天下午會(huì)到倫敦。

Again they got into difficulties.

他們?cè)俅蜗萑肜Ь场?/p>

6. put off

意為“延期；阻礙做某事；使分心；關(guān)掉；丟棄, 擺脫；敷衍, 推諉；脫去（衣、帽等）”，該詞組釋義很多，所以要根據(jù)上下文來(lái)做出正確的理解。在本文中指的是“當(dāng)作者提到她有男友的時(shí)候，那個(gè)男孩并沒有氣餒，還是繼續(xù)和她談天說(shuō)地”。

例句：I don't like music playing when I'm working. It puts me off.

我不喜歡工作時(shí)放音樂，那會(huì)使我分心。

When he asked her to name a day for their wedding, she put him off.

當(dāng)他要她訂個(gè)結(jié)婚的日子時(shí)，她卻支支吾吾不說(shuō)。

Links

1. Liszt Ferenc弗朗茲?李斯特

弗朗茲?李斯特是匈牙利著名的作曲家、鋼琴家、指揮家和音樂活動(dòng)家，浪漫主義音樂的主要代表人物之一。他六歲起開始學(xué)習(xí)音樂，并于此后不久移居維也納，曾先后作為薩里埃里、車爾尼、雷哈、巴埃爾的弟子。在音樂上他主張標(biāo)題音樂，首創(chuàng)了交響詩(shī)體裁，作有《塔索》、《前奏曲》、《匈牙利》等交響詩(shī)共十三部。李斯特還受帕格尼尼的影響，創(chuàng)作了十九首《匈牙利狂想曲》和十二首鋼琴練習(xí)曲以及超技練習(xí)曲。這些作品不但充分發(fā)揮了鋼琴的音樂表現(xiàn)力，而且，為狂想曲這個(gè)音樂體裁創(chuàng)作樹立了杰出的音樂典范。他還樹立了與學(xué)院風(fēng)氣、市民習(xí)氣相對(duì)立的新的浪漫主義原則，并支持阿爾貝尼斯、斯美塔那、肖邦、柏遼茲、瓦格納等作曲家的創(chuàng)作。相傳貝多芬聽了他的演奏后，非常贊賞他的天才，曾上臺(tái)擁抱親吻李斯特，這成為李斯特音樂成長(zhǎng)的佳話。在他的祖國(guó)，人民始終尊崇他為偉大的“民族藝術(shù)家”。

2. George Soros金融巨鱷索羅斯

喬治?索羅斯號(hào)稱“金融天才”，從1969年建立“量子基金”至今，他創(chuàng)下了令人難以置信的業(yè)績(jī)，以平均每年35％的綜合成長(zhǎng)率令華爾街同行望塵莫及。他好像具有一種超能的力量左右著世界金融市場(chǎng)。他的一句話就可以使某種商品或貨幣的交易行情突變，市場(chǎng)的價(jià)格隨著他的言論上升或下跌。

曾有評(píng)論形容索羅斯猶如華爾街上的一頭金錢豹，行動(dòng)極其敏捷，善于捕捉投資良機(jī)。一旦時(shí)機(jī)成熟，他將有備而戰(zhàn)，反應(yīng)神速。雖然在華爾街，索羅斯是一名大家熟知的高手，但真正讓他為外界所了解的，卻是90年代的兩次大危機(jī)，而這兩次危機(jī)，索羅斯都是關(guān)鍵人物。其一是1992年的英格蘭銀行事件。也許他能不斷制造世界金融界神話的最大秘訣之一就是他具有超人的心理素質(zhì)。索羅斯喜歡隱于幕后，他曾長(zhǎng)期有意避開新聞媒體，不愿拋頭露面。因?yàn)樵谒磥?lái)，經(jīng)營(yíng)一個(gè)全球性的投資公司，一旦人們知道你在做什么，他們就會(huì)先于你去做，這樣，就會(huì)打亂公司的投資計(jì)劃。所以，名聲有時(shí)對(duì)于一個(gè)投資者來(lái)說(shuō)并非好事，而只會(huì)帶來(lái)災(zāi)難。

索羅斯是LCC索羅斯基金董事會(huì)的主席，民間投資管理處確認(rèn)他作為量子基金集團(tuán)的顧問。量子基金在量子集團(tuán)內(nèi)是最老和最大的基金，普遍認(rèn)為在其28年歷史中在全世界的任何投資基金中具有最好的業(yè)績(jī)。

索羅斯曾獲得社會(huì)研究新學(xué)院、牛津大學(xué)、布達(dá)佩斯經(jīng)濟(jì)大學(xué)和耶魯大學(xué)的名譽(yù)博士學(xué)位。1995年波倫亞大學(xué)（意大利）將最高榮譽(yù)——Laurea Honoris Causa授予索羅斯先生，以表彰他所取得的成就。

3. Shoes Along the Danube多瑙河畔的鞋子

1944年4月16日，匈牙利猶太人開始被送往納粹集中營(yíng)處死，匈牙利在二戰(zhàn)中共向納粹死亡集中營(yíng)遣送了43.7萬(wàn)猶太人。奧斯威辛集中營(yíng)中，近三分之一的受害者都是匈牙利人。1945年1月，蘇聯(lián)紅軍解放布達(dá)佩斯，只有大約7萬(wàn)猶太人在猶太隔離區(qū)活了下來(lái)。2000年匈牙利政府將這一天定為匈牙利的“大屠殺紀(jì)念日”。雕塑家保爾設(shè)計(jì)了60只二戰(zhàn)時(shí)期不同造型鞋子的鐵制雕塑，以紀(jì)念二戰(zhàn)時(shí)期被匈牙利納粹組織“箭十字軍”在多瑙河中槍殺的數(shù)百名猶太人。當(dāng)年，為了最后侮辱猶太人，“箭十字軍”在殺害他們之前，還強(qiáng)迫他們將鞋脫下來(lái)。現(xiàn)在，每年在匈牙利多瑙河畔舉行的二戰(zhàn)納粹大屠殺紀(jì)念日活動(dòng)中，人們都會(huì)把鮮花放在鞋內(nèi)，悼念在二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束前夕在這里被納粹屠殺的同胞。