如何掌控聽力

李如鋒

自從我國實(shí)行九年義務(wù)教育以來，國家教育行政部門對(duì)初級(jí)中學(xué)的教科書進(jìn)行了一系列的改革，特別在初級(jí)中學(xué)的英語教材，逐漸走上了聽、說、讀、寫的綜合軌道。幾年來，聽力測試也被列入對(duì)學(xué)生的各種英語測試之中，并且被作為升學(xué)考試的內(nèi)容之一。聽力測試是英語語言考試最為難于通過的一關(guān)，答題的易難，給答好后面題目產(chǎn)生一定的心理影響。英語聽力測試具有考試時(shí)間短，錄音放過答題也跟著結(jié)束并轉(zhuǎn)入下一題的特點(diǎn)。因此，要想考試過好聽力關(guān)，要有一定的知識(shí)和技巧，在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練及測試中，應(yīng)做到如下幾個(gè)應(yīng)試方面的技巧：

一、充分做好心理上應(yīng)試的準(zhǔn)備。聽錄音前要盡量放松好情緒，調(diào)整好心態(tài)，清除緊張的心理，對(duì)答題要有自信心，如這道題聽不清楚，不要顧慮，思想不要停留在這道題，而要抓緊時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備好下一個(gè)問題，以免耽誤時(shí)間，錯(cuò)過解答下一題的機(jī)會(huì)。

二、要預(yù)習(xí)好聽力部分的題目。在放錄音材料前，一定要把各題目的各項(xiàng)要求，各個(gè)問題或選項(xiàng)了解清楚，做到心中有數(shù)，有底?？吹竭x項(xiàng)后，要有預(yù)見性，判斷要回答的問題所在。有的對(duì)話或短文問題，選項(xiàng)都已給出，通過提前對(duì)問題的預(yù)習(xí)能有效地了解其大意和聽力重點(diǎn)。這樣在聽錄音時(shí)就能做到有的舍取。

三、注意聽好聽力內(nèi)容。審好聽力題目，避免對(duì)問題答非所問，有的考生能聽明白錄音內(nèi)容，但忽視了問題的主旨，導(dǎo)致答錯(cuò)題目。如下面題目：

聽力原文：

Peter and his three friends are in his bedroom. We can see five books on the table. There are some flowers near the books. Are all the pictures on the wall? No, there are three pictures and a map. Whats that under the chair? Is it his hat? No, its a black cat. It looks like a hat.

題目：聽短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇正確答案。

（）1.There are children in the bedroom.

A. threeB. fourC. five

（）2.There is a under the chair.

A. mapB. hatC. cat

第1題的正確答案是B,而許多考生卻選擇A,忽視了Peter這個(gè)人，只注意到three friends 因此導(dǎo)致選錯(cuò)了答案。第2題的正確答案是C,考生沒有聽清楚是hat還是cat，導(dǎo)致有些考生選擇了B。

四、要做到耳、目、手、腦密切配合。耳朵要注意聽錄音內(nèi)容的同時(shí)，眼睛要看好選項(xiàng)，做到正確選項(xiàng),而且頭腦要迅速分析和思考聽力內(nèi)容，在聽完錄音后及時(shí)做答。做到盡量減少差錯(cuò)。

五、做到帶著問題聽錄音。不管在平時(shí)聽力訓(xùn)練或測試都要做到這一點(diǎn)，聽錄音時(shí)，要把注意力集中到含有答案的詞句上，例如題目中出現(xiàn)有關(guān)when, where, who, what, why, how等帶有疑問的詞，心中選出確定這些問題的答案。對(duì)于那些對(duì)話、短文內(nèi)容，第一遍聽不清楚的問題，把它作為聽第二遍的重點(diǎn)。當(dāng)然，需要特別精力集中，毫不分心。例如：

聽力原文：

Helen is eleven years old. She is in Grade 4 in a school. She goes to school by bus. Last week she had a bad cold. She felt weak and sick. She didnt go to class. She went to the hospital to see a doctor. She had to stay in bed for a few days. During the weekend, Mrs White cooked her nice food and her friends looked after her well. Seven days later, Helen got well again. She was able to go back to school. Now Helen is working hard to catch up with the other students in her class.

題目：根據(jù)你所聽到的短文內(nèi)容,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出正確答案回答所提問題.

（）1. How old is Helen? p;

A. 10. B. 11.C. 12.

（）2. How does she go to school?

A. By bike.B. On foot. C. By bus.

（）3. Why didnt Helen go to school?

A. Because she was ill.B. Because her father was ill.C. Because her brother was ill.

（）4. What did Mrs White do during the weekend?

A. She cooked nice food. B. She washed clothes. C. She cleaned the room.

（）5. How long did Helen stay in bed?

A. Several months.B. Several weeks.C. Several days.

從短文中的第1句Helen is eleven years old得出第1題答案是B。從第3句She goes to school by bus得知第2題答案是C。從第4句she had a bad cold得知第3題答案是A。從第9句During the weekend, Mrs White cooked her nice food得知第4題答案是A。從倒數(shù)第3句Seven days later, Helen got well again得知第5題答案是C。

六、要做到速記聽力有關(guān)內(nèi)容。在聽錄音,要用自己熟練的符號(hào)來速記，將比如年、月、日、星期、鐘點(diǎn)、年齡、價(jià)碼等數(shù)字和關(guān)鍵詞盡量記下，并做好必要的換算，對(duì)于人名和地名可記下首字母或漢字。等錄音放完后再回頭補(bǔ)充完整。

七、注意表示轉(zhuǎn)折和否定意義的關(guān)鍵詞和詞組。表示轉(zhuǎn)折的常用詞是but,聽者要注意but后的部分。表示否定意義的詞和詞組主要有no, not, never, seldom, hardly, neither, too…to…, little, few等。存在這些表示否定詞的句子，往往容易使考生誤解，模糊，所以考生有必要特別注意。這樣對(duì)理解聽力內(nèi)容很有幫助。例如：

聽力原文：

1.M：My dog is lost. Could you look for it with me, please?

W：Sure. Is that black one yours?

M：No. Mine is yellow.

2.W：My bike is broken. Could you help me, John?

M：No, but Jeff can.

3.W：Its a fine day, isnt it?

M：Yes. But the radio says it will be cloudy tomorrow.

4.W：He is a rich man here.

M：Really? But he has few friends.

題目：聽對(duì)話，從下面題目中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)回答所提問題

（）1. What color is the mans dog?

A. Black.B. Yellow.C. White.

（）2. Who can mend the girls bike?

A. Jeff. B. John.C. Mary.

（）3. Whats the weather like tomorrow?

A. Its sunny. B. Its cloudy. C. Its windy.

（）4. Does the man have many friends here?

A. Yes, he does.B. No, he doesnt. C. I dont know.

第1組對(duì)話的問句中雖然出現(xiàn)black,但回答是No,緊接著是yellow,很明顯答案應(yīng)是B。第2組對(duì)話雖然出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)人名John 和Jeff,但答句中的轉(zhuǎn)擇but Jeff can很明顯，只有Jeff能修好自行車，

答案是A。第3組從對(duì)話出現(xiàn)的But the radio says it will be cloudy tomorrow.就得知第3題答案是B。第4組對(duì)話出現(xiàn)But he has few friends表示否定的句子，所以第4題的答案是B。

總之，要順利通過英語聽力測試，除了做到以上的七個(gè)方法以外，關(guān)鍵要做到平時(shí)多聽、多練。在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練的過程中則要嚴(yán)格要求自己,從簡單到復(fù)雜，從易到難。盡可能把所聽到的句子、段落、篇章都聽清楚。我相信經(jīng)過對(duì)考生的不斷訓(xùn)練，考生的聽力水平將會(huì)得到提高，取得滿意的效果。