高中英語語法系列導學——冠詞

劉守君

【知識梳理】

冠詞是放在名詞前面,幫助說明名詞含義的虛詞。漢語譯作“冠詞”非常形象:冠詞之于名詞猶如冠之于禽。冠詞是英語詞性中最小的一類,只有三個,分成不定冠詞(a; an)和定冠詞(the)兩種。

一、定冠詞的用法

二、不定冠詞的用法

三、零冠詞的用法

【靈活運用】

一、單句填空按照下面句子結構的語法性, 在空格處填入a、an或/。

1. The Wilsons live in ______ A-shaped house near the coast. It is ______ 17th century cottage.

2. For a long time they walked without saying ______ word. Jim was the first to break ______ silence.

3. When he left ______ college,he got a job as ______ reporter in a newspaper office.

4. When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to ______ hotel; I can find you ______ bed in my flat.

5. —Hey, Mr. Smith, you are wanted on ______ phone?

—Who is calling?

—______ Mr. Green. I dont know who he is.

6. —Will you be on ______ holiday soon?

—Well, Im too busy to take ______ holiday now. ______ manager has me work day and night. Ill be able to take one two months from now.

7. —What about ______ speech?

—It was too tiring, you know, ______ speech for me.

8. It is said that dictionaries on ______ popular science are in ______ short supply.

9. —This is ______ film Ive told you about several times.

—Its great. Ive never seen ______ more moving one.

10. Beyond ______ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but ______ space.

二、句子運用將下列句子翻譯成英語,注意冠詞的用法。

1. 電話是Alexander Grander Bell于1876年發(fā)明的。

2. 倫敦是英國的首都。

3. 英國人見面經(jīng)常談論天氣。

4. 辛勤工作一周之后去看電影是很大的樂趣。

5. 眾所周知,老虎正處于滅絕的危險之中。

6. 愛麗絲愛好彈鋼琴,而亨利對聽音樂感興趣。

7. 長江是中國最長的河流。

8. 他于1995年春天參軍。

9. 那位白發(fā)女士在會上講英語。

10. 昨天他們選Tom為他們班的班長。

三、篇章運用閱讀下面短文,按照句子結構的語法性和上下文連貫的要求,在空格處填入a、an或 /。

It is___1___New Years Eve. As___2___hands of___3 ___clock move towards___4 ___midnight___5___old year is slowly dying; in___6___few minutes ___7___New Year will be born. It is___8___ time for looking back, or else looking forward. We look back over all that has happened during___9___past year, to ourselves, to our country and to ___10___ world. We look forward with ___11___hope to___12___New Year that is just beginning, hoping that it will bring ___13___ health and happiness to those we love, and ___14___ peace to all___15___mankind.

In___16 ___ Scotland___17___last day of___18___year is___19___ most important holiday of___20___winter, more important even than ___21___ Christmas. On___22___New Years Eve ___23___friends and neighbours go about from house to house drinking to ___24___ health of each other and wishing each other___25___ good luck. On___26___New Years Day all ___27___ shops and___28___ factories are closed and no work is done. Families meet together for___29 ___ big meal and___30 ___family party.

In___31___ England New Years Day is not___32___holiday. But on New Years Eve___33___ most people sit up till after___34___ midnight to see___35___New Year in or else they go to ___36 ___parties and dances. Most of ___37___ big London hotels have___38___New Years Eve dance. Thousands of people come to___39___Trafalgar Square to listen to___40___unique sound of___41___Big Bens famous chimes(鐘聲). The big event for New Years Eve 2009 is ___42___a free fireworks display at___43___ London Eye on ___44___South Bank, the light of which makes it seem like___45___daylight.

參考答案

一、單句填空

1. an; a。兩空均表示某類事物中的一個,用不定冠詞。因A-shaped是元音開頭,第一空填“an”;seventeenth是輔音開頭,第二空填“a”。

2. a; the。word作話語講時是可數(shù)名詞,without saying a word表示“一句話也沒有說”;silence特指,用定冠詞。

3. /; a。leave college為固定用法,意思是“畢業(yè)”;reporter是表示職業(yè)身份的可數(shù)名詞,第一次提到,用不定冠詞a表示“一個”。

4. the; a。前者特指這次住的旅館,用定冠詞;后者泛指某類事物中的一個,用不定冠詞。句意:下次別再去那旅館住了,我可以給你找一張床。

5. the; A。“sb. is wanted on the phone”意為“某人在電話里被叫”;“a Mr. Green”指某個格林先生,不確定究竟是哪一位。

6. /; a; The。be on holiday是固定詞組,意為“在休假”;the manager則特指“我的經(jīng)理”。

7. the; a。根據(jù)It was too tiring 可推斷第一個speech是雙方都明白的,用定冠詞。后面的speech則指具體的一次講演。

8. /; /。popular science是一門學科,無須冠詞;in short supply是固定配搭。

9. the; a。film后面的定語從句限制了這是一部特指的電影,而后面的a more moving one則指的是“更令人感動的一部電影”,是泛指。

10. the; /。指天空中的物體名詞前用定冠詞,但本句中space指“整個空間”,不加冠詞。

二、句子翻譯

1. The telephone was invented by Alexander Grander Bell in 1876.

2. London is the capital of England.

3. British people often talk about the weather to each other.

4. It is a great pleasure to go to the cinema after a weeks hard work.

5. As is known to all, the tiger is in danger of dying out.

6. Alice is fond of playing the piano while Henry is interested in listening to music.

7. The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.

8. He joined the army in the spring of 1995.

9. The old lady with white hair spoke English well at the meeting.

10. Yesterday they chose Tom monitor of their class.

三、篇章運用

1. /2. the3. the4. /5. the6. a7. the8. the9.日the10. the11. / 12. the13. / 14. /15. /16. /17. the18. the19. the20. / 21. / 22. / 23. /24. the25. /26. /27. / 28. /29. a30. a31. / 32. a33. /34. /35. the36. / 37. the38. a39. the40. the 41. / 42.43. the44. the45. /

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