高考交際英語考查特點(diǎn)分析

羅　珉

高考中情景交際類題是考查語言交際能力的具體表現(xiàn)。今年各省高考題中的交際考查比例加大了，目的是考查考生在特定的語言環(huán)境中運(yùn)用語言的能力。

一、?？伎键c(diǎn)

（1）社會(huì)交往（social communication）類：?jiǎn)柡?、告別、介紹、感謝、道歉、邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求、許可、祝愿、祝賀、提供幫助、打電話、就餐、就醫(yī)、購(gòu)物、問路、談?wù)撎鞖?、提醒注意、勸告、建議等。（2）態(tài)度（attitudes）類：（不）同意、喜歡、嗜好、（不）肯定、（不）可能、意圖、打算、責(zé)備、抱怨等。（3）情感（emotions）：高興、驚奇、憂慮、安慰、（不）滿意、遺憾、同情、恐懼、憤怒等。如：

例1. —Do you know Annas telephone number？

—_____. As a matter of fact, I dont know any Anna，either.(2008全國(guó)II)

A. I think so B. Im afraid not

C. I hope so D. Id rather not

【分析】 B。此題考查了表示不知道的禮貌回答。

例2. —I cant repair these until tomorrow, Im afraid.

—Thats OK; theres_____ .(2008江蘇)

A. no problem B. no wonder

C. no doubt D. no hurry

【分析】 D。此題考查了安慰和鼓勵(lì)。

例3. —Good evening. Huangshan Hotel.

—Good evening._____ ？ (2008安徽)

A. Do you still have a room for tonight

B. What would you like，please

C. Is there anything I can do for you

D. Who is that speaking，please

【分析】 A。此題考查了預(yù)訂房間情景下旅客與服務(wù)員的對(duì)話。

例4. —The floor is dirty. Can anyone clean it？

—_____ I do it all the time.(2008陜西)

A. Dont mention it. B. Why you？

C. Not sure. D. Not me again.

【分析】 D。此題考查了不滿情緒的表達(dá)。

答后之悟：熟記以上三類情景下約定俗成的問語和答語，在日常生活中使用，才能做出正確選擇。

二、注意事項(xiàng)

1）東西方不同思維方式干擾，即母語影響

例1. —It is getting late. I am afraid I must be going now.

—OK._____ .

A. Take it easy B. Go slowly

C. Stay longer D. See you

【分析】 D。按照漢語習(xí)慣，可能會(huì)選擇B或C，而這里應(yīng)該表示“再見”(see you)。

例2. —Hi, havent seen you for ages! You look fine.

—_____. You look well, too.

A. Great B. Thanks

C. Oh, not so D. Not at all

【分析】 B。按照英語習(xí)慣，在別人贊美自己或與自己有關(guān)的人或事時(shí)，就應(yīng)該表示感謝，但我們中國(guó)人可能會(huì)表示謙虛或稱贊對(duì)方。所以干擾選項(xiàng)是C。

例3. —Hello！May I speak to Bill, please?

_____—_____.

A. Bill speaking

B. Im Bill

C. You are speaking to Bill

D. Im speaking

【分析】A。此題考查的是打電話情景下的交際用語。B、C、D項(xiàng)是按照漢語習(xí)慣設(shè)計(jì)的答語，此題應(yīng)該選擇A。注意許多時(shí)候中西方打電話時(shí)的交際用語是完全不同的。

答后之悟：英漢兩種語言有許多共同之處，也有不少差異，兩者之間的差異就是解題的關(guān)鍵，在學(xué)習(xí)英語時(shí)，一定要按英語進(jìn)行思維，要擺脫母語的影響并對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行認(rèn)真辨析和比較。

2） 字面意思與實(shí)際交際功能不一樣的表達(dá)

例1. —Do you mind if I record your lecture？____________________

—_____. Go ahead.(2008江蘇)

A. Never mind

B. No way

C. Not at all

D. No. Youd better not

【分析】 C?？忌３谋韺右馑忌侠斫鈔ever mind為“不介意”，所以很容易選擇A。實(shí)際上never mind的實(shí)際交際功能表示“沒關(guān)系；不要緊；不用費(fèi)事”，它主要用于：①對(duì)sorry的回答；②安慰和鼓勵(lì)；③委婉拒絕對(duì)方提供幫助。如：

① —Sorry, I made a mistake again._________________________ —_____. Practice more and youll succeed.(2008全國(guó)I )

A. Never mind B. Certainly not

C. Not at all D. Dont mention it

② —Oh, dear! Ive just broken a window.____________________

—_____. It cant be helped.(2005全國(guó)Ⅰ)

A. Never mind B. All right

C. Thats fine D. Not at all

例2. —How much do I owe you for lunch？____________________

—_____. Its nothing.(2008天津)

A. Youre welcome B. Forget it

C. With pleasure D. Thats right

【分析】 B?？忌３谋韺右馑忌侠斫鉃镕orget it為“忘記某事”，所以不可能選B，但Forget it的實(shí)際交際功能應(yīng)該是“沒關(guān)系，不要緊，別提了，忘了吧”。它主要用于：①對(duì)sorry的回答；②同意對(duì)方要求之事的一種婉轉(zhuǎn)拒絕的說法或拒絕對(duì)方你認(rèn)為不合理的請(qǐng)求和建議。如：

① —Im terribly sorry I broke your glass._______________

—_____. (2005安徽)

A. Thats right B. Bad luck

C. Sorry D. You can forget it

② —Id like to take a weeks holiday.____________________ —_____. Were too busy. （2004全國(guó)Ⅲ）

A. Dont worry B. Dont mention it

C. Forget it D. Pardon me

例3. —Im dead tired. I can not walk any farther, Jenny.

—_____, Tommy. You can do it.(2006江西)

A. No problem B. No hurry

C. Come on D. Thats OK

【分析】 C?？忌３谋韺右馑忌侠斫鈉ome on為“過來”，但come on的實(shí)際交際功能應(yīng)該是“加油，得了”。它主要用于：①安慰鼓勵(lì)，表示“加油”；②引起注意；③表示不耐煩。例如：

① —Now, where is my purse?

—_____! We will be late for the picnic. （2004湖南）

A. Take your time B. Dont worry

C. Come on D. Take it easy

② —It will take at least 2 hours to do this!

—Ok,_____ ! I could do it in 30 minutes.

A. come on B. pardon me

C. you are right D. dont mention it

例4. —How did you find your visit to Qingdao, Joanna?

—_____. (2006山東)

A. Oh, wonderful indeed

B. I went there alone

C. First by train and then by ship

D. A guide showed me the way

【分析】 A?？忌３谋韺右馑忌侠斫狻癏ow do you like / find ...?”為“你是怎樣做某事或喜歡某事”，所以很可能錯(cuò)選C，但它實(shí)際上表示“對(duì)某人 / 某事的評(píng)價(jià)”，相當(dāng)于“What do you think of ...?”。

例5. —Excuse me, do you have the time?

—_____.(2007福建)

A. Yes, I do B. Of course, I have

C. A quarter to 10 D. No problem

【分析】 C。若僅停留在問句的字面意思則很可能選擇A或B，實(shí)際上這是在問對(duì)方時(shí)間。

答后之悟：考生在學(xué)習(xí)交際用語時(shí)往往受字面意思影響而錯(cuò)選答案。因此在平時(shí)一定要?dú)w納受字面意思影響而實(shí)際交際功能并非如此的短語，例如：go ahead, You are welcome, see you, Dont mention it, take your time, make it, take it easy, take it seriously等。

3）字面意義相近但實(shí)際交際功能截然不同的表達(dá)

例1. —Thank you for joining in our conversation tonight.

—_____.（2006四川）

A. Its my duty

B. Its all right

C. It is nice to say so

D. Its my pleasure

例2. —Could you do me a favor and take these books to my office?

—Yes,_____ . (2005山東)

A. for pleasure B. I could

C. my pleasure D. with pleasure

【分析】 1-2 DD。Its a pleasure to do ...是客套語，意為“很高興做……”，相當(dāng)于sb. be pleased / nice / glad to do ... / Its a pleasure = A pleasure / My pleasure，表示“不用謝；沒關(guān)系，這是我樂意做的”，是對(duì)thank you的回答。With pleasure = Yes / Certainly，意為“當(dāng)然可以，愿意效勞”， 類似于All right, Ok，No problem, Id like to等，主要用于別人求你去做某事時(shí)，你表示樂意去做的場(chǎng)合。

例3. —James, Im sorry I used your computer when you were away this morning.

—_____.(2005福建)

A. Thats all right

B. Its a pleasure

C. You are welcome

D. Dont mention it

例4. —Shall I help you with that suitcase?

—_____. (2000上海)

A. Its all right, thanks

B. No, please dont do it

C. Yes, go ahead please

D. I dont want to trouble you too much

例5. —Are you like your parents?

—_____.

A. Thats right

B. Yes, I like my parents

C. They like me

D. Im not afraid so

【分析】 3-5 AAA。Thats all right.“不用謝，沒關(guān)系”是對(duì)感謝或歉意的禮貌回答。Thats right.意為“對(duì)了，正確”，表示對(duì)對(duì)方的意見、看法或行為肯定的答復(fù)，等于right / true / correct, 其相反說法為 Thats wrong.。All right = OK意為“行，可以”，用于對(duì)對(duì)方的建議或請(qǐng)求表示同意。

例6. Tom: Mike, our team will play against the Rocket this weekend. Im sure we will win.

Mike:_____ ！ （2005廣東）

A. Congratulations B. Cheers

C. Best Wishes D. Good luck

例7. —I had a really good weekend at my uncles.

—_____.（NMET 1999）

A. Oh, thats very nice of you

B. Congratulations_______________

C. Its a pleasure

D. Oh, Im glad to hear that

例8. —Have a nice weekend!

—_____. （NMET 1992）

A. The same to you

B. You do too

C. You have it too

D. The same as you

【分析】6-8 DDA。當(dāng)一個(gè)人敘述一件對(duì)自己或別人高興的事，另一個(gè)人應(yīng)答語常用Im glad to hear that.。相反用Im sorry to hear that.。當(dāng)對(duì)方“祝你……”，答語常用The same to you.或 You, too.。但對(duì)Happy birthday to you的答常用Thank you。當(dāng)對(duì)方將要參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，如考試、比賽時(shí)，向?qū)Ψ奖硎绢A(yù)祝對(duì)方Good luck。當(dāng)對(duì)方在某方面取得成就或成功用Congratulations。

答后之悟：要弄清楚字面意義相近但實(shí)際交際功能卻截然不同的表達(dá)。除上面列舉的例子外，還應(yīng)注意如下表達(dá)：Let me see(讓我想想)和Let me have a look; Never mind和No problem；How do you do和How are you；The same to you, Same as you和It is the same with ...；Go ahead和Help yourself to ...；Here you are, Here we are和Here it is等。

4）注意語言的禮貌和得體性

例1. —Say, Jane, will you come with me to the game Friday？__________

—_____, Bob, but I promised Mary Id go with her.(2008山東)

A. My pleasure B. Thanks

C. Take it easy D. Forget it

【分析】B。即使不能去，但對(duì)于對(duì)方的邀請(qǐng)也應(yīng)該表示感謝，以體現(xiàn)禮貌。

例2. —Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the British Museum?

—Sorry, Im a stranger here.

—_____.(2007遼寧)

A. Thanks, anyway B. It doesnt matter

C. Never mind D. No problem

【分析】 A。即使對(duì)方?jīng)]有能幫你忙，仍然表示“謝謝”。

例3. —Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

—Id like to,_____Im so busy.

A. and B. so C. as D. but

【分析】 D。用but話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，引出不能去的理由，語氣更加委婉、得體。

例4. —Lovely day, isnt it?

—Yes._____

A. You are right. B. Isnt it?

C. Sure. D. I think so.

【分析】 B。談?wù)撎鞖庖约訌?qiáng)語氣，往往用反意疑問句，沒有必要按照語法規(guī)則去選擇答案。

答后之悟：在英語交際中很多時(shí)候是不能直接生硬地回答或考慮語法因素的，而遵循英語交際的禮貌得體習(xí)慣。

5）交際用語的省略考查

例1. —Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class？

—_____, but I promised Nancy to go out with her.(2008全國(guó)I)

A. Id like to B. I like it

C. I dont D. I will

【分析】 A。表示樂意做什么，常省略to do后面的do，只保留不定式符號(hào)。

例2. —Its a long time since I saw my sister.

—_____ her this weekend?(2007全國(guó)I)

A. Why not visit

B. Why not to visit

C. Why not visiting

D. Why dont visit

【分析】 A。提建議時(shí)，常用省略形式why not do ...。

例3. —I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.

—_____ good.(2006湖北)

A. Sound B. Sounded

C. Sounding D. Sounds

【分析】 D。此題省略了主語that，所以就用謂語單數(shù)形式來表達(dá)。

例4. —Andrew wont like it, you know.

—_____? I dont care what Andrew thinks!(2006廣東)

A. So how B. So what

C. So where D. So why

【分析】 B。so what是省略答語，表示“即便那樣，哪又怎樣？”

答后之悟：既然是交際，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多省略形式，因此由省略形式而出現(xiàn)的許多語法問題，也應(yīng)該注意，同時(shí)有些省略形式已經(jīng)約定俗成，如so what, how come, why not do, why do, what for等等，一定要掌握他們的用法。