新目標八年級（上）Ｕｎｉｔｓ５－６重、難點解析與跟蹤訓練

楊苗苗

Unit 5

1.【原句】Can you come to my party? 你能來參加我的聚會嗎？

【解析】Can/Could you…？你能……嗎？Cant you…?難道你不能……嗎?這兩個句型用于邀請，適用于熟人、平輩之間?！癈ant you…?”在語氣上更強烈一些，而“Could you…？” 較“Can you…？” 更客氣一點。常用的邀請句型還有：Would you like/love to…？你愿意……嗎？Will you please…？請你……好嗎？Shall we…?我們……好嗎？接受邀請的表達有：①Certainly/Sure/Yes, Id like/love to. Thank you(for inviting/asking me).②Yes, its very nice/kind of you.③With pleasure. 拒絕邀請的表達有：①Sorry, Im afraid I cant./Im afraid not.②Id love to, but…③Sorry, I cant. But thanks all the same.如：

——Can you come over and join us for the class meeting?

你能來參加我們的班會嗎？

——Sorry, Im afraid I cant. 對不起，恐怕不能。

2.【原句】Sure，Id love to. 當然了，我樂意去。

【解析】此句中sure相當于of course/certainly/yes。Id love to是I would love to的縮寫形式，常用來回答對方客氣的邀請，也可以用Id like to來表示，意思是我愿意…，其中的to不可以省略。如：

——Would you love to go to the movies with me？

你愿意和我一起去看電影嗎？

——Sure， Id love to.是的，我很愿意。

——Can you come to my birthday party？

你能來參加我的生日聚會嗎？

——Sure， Id like to. 當然了，我愿意去。

3.【原句】Sorry, I cant. I have a piano lesson.

很抱歉，我不能去，我要上一節(jié)鋼琴課。

【解析】此句中sorry代替no，表示委婉拒絕別人的邀請，相當于Im afraid…。如：

——Tom， can you come to my birthday party？

你能來參加我的生日聚會嗎？

——Im sorry， I cant/Im afraid not. 很抱歉，我不能來。

have a piano lesson上鋼琴課，而give sb. a lesson表示“給某人一個教訓?！?have在此不是“有”的意思。再如：have a meeting開會，have a swimming游泳，have a rest休息，have a walk散步，have a look看一看，have a try試一試，have a good time過得高興。如：

The terrible traffic accident gave us a lesson.

可怕的交通事故給了我們一個教訓。

4.【原句】I have too much homework this weekend.

本周末我有太多的作業(yè)。

【解析】本句中too much表示“太多的…”，相當于much，用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可用來修飾動詞和副詞。如：

There is too much rain in the south. 南方雨水太多。

If you eat too much, you will get fat.

如果你吃的太多，就會發(fā)胖的。

而too many表示“太多的…”，相當于many，用來修飾可數(shù)名詞。如：

There are too many cars in Beijing. 在北京車輛太多。

much too表示“太……”，相當于too，用來修飾形容詞。如：

The coat is much too big for me. 這件外套對我來說太大了。

this weekend表示“在這周末”，on weekends“在周末”（周六和周日），on the weekend意為“那個周末”，指說話雙方都明白的、特定的那個周末，若weekend前面有this/that/next時，要把on去掉；on weekdays指“在工作日”（除周六、周日以外的五天）。如：

I am leaving for Beijing this weekend. 本周末我去北京。

5.【原句】Whats today? 今天星期幾/幾號？

【解析】“Whats today?”是一個詢問日期的特殊疑問句的簡略形式，相當于“Whats the date today?”（今天是幾號？）或“What day is it today?”（今天是星期幾？）?；卮鸬臅r候，除非有明確要求，否則可以回答“今天是×號”“今天是×月×號”或者“今天是星期×”“今天是×月×號，星期×”。如：

Whats today? 今天星期幾/幾號？

Today is Monday/September 1st， Monday.

今天是星期一/9月1號星期一。

6.【原句】Thank you for your invitation謝謝你的邀請。

【解析】Thank you for…“因……而感謝”，for后可接名詞或動名詞，即 Thank you for sth.=Thank you for doing sth.。如：

Thank you for your help.=Thank you for helping me. 謝謝你幫助我。

Thank you for inviting my mother. 謝謝你邀請我媽媽。

本句型還可表示為Thanks a lot/very much for…非常感謝……。

invitation是“邀請”的名詞，其動詞為invite意思是“邀請”，詞組：invite sb. to a place邀請某人去某地，invite sb. to do sth.邀請某人去干某事，invite相當于ask。如：

Thank you for asking/inviting me to your party.

謝謝你邀請我參加你的晚會。

7.【原句】Please call me after the vacation.

休完假請打電話給我。

【解析】本句中call sb.意思是“給某人打電話”，相當于call sb. up/ring sb./ring sb. up/give sb. a call(ring)/make a telephone call to sb./telephone sb.如：Please call me up after school.放學后請給我打電話。

另外call還用作①be+called+名詞，“被稱作、被叫作”。如：He is called Tom.他叫湯姆。②call+賓語+名詞，“把某人/物叫作”。如：People call him Jack.人們叫他杰克。③名詞+called+名字，“名叫……的人或物”，這里 called是過去分詞作后置定語。如：

I know a man called Jim. 我認識一個名叫吉姆的人。

8.【原句】Please keep quiet! Im trying to study.

請保持安靜，我想要學習。

【解析】keep quiet=be quiet保持安靜，keep后跟形容詞，表示保持或處于某種狀態(tài)。如：keep healthy保持健康，keep open開著，keep closed關(guān)著。

本句try to do sth.意為“努力/盡力做某事”，相當于 try ones best to do sth.=do ones best to do sth.盡某人最大努力做某事，否定式為try not to do sth.如：Ill try not to read in bed. 我盡力不躺在床上看書。類似結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：tell, ask, order等。

try doing sth.表示“試著、嘗試做某事”，表示做某件事情看看是否行得通，會有什么樣的后果等，也就是進行某項試驗。如：

They tried making a model plane. 他們試著做一個飛機模型。

She tried writing with a brush. 她試著用毛筆寫字。

9.【原句】Fishing with grandpa the whole day.

全天和爺爺一起釣魚。

【解析】the whole day一整天，whole表示“整個的，全部的”，強調(diào)完整無缺，不可分割的整體。修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，修飾復數(shù)時表示“整整的”，有冠詞/指示代詞/所有格等限定詞時whole放于它們之后。如：the whole class整個班級。It rains for three whole days.雨下了整整三天。

而all“整個的，全部的”，強調(diào)各個部分組成的整體，可修飾不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。有冠詞/指示代詞/所有格等限定詞時all放在它們之前。如：

All the students are on the playground.所有學生都在操場上。

10.【原句】 Can you come over to my house Wednesday evening to discuss the science report?

你能在周三晚上到我家來討論那個科學報告嗎？

【解析】本句中come over to是“從一個地方到另一個地方來”的意思，即“順便來訪”，to后接地點。還可表示“過來”，此時常用于祈使句和陳述句中。如：

Please come over to my house for supper if you get to Beijing.

如果你到達北京請順便到我家吃晚飯。

11.【原句】——Can you come to my party？

你能來參加我的party嗎？

——Im sorry I cant. 對不起，我不能。

——Oh, why not? 噢，為什么不能呢？

【解析】Why not?在對話中，表示一種驚奇、不高興的反問。如：A: We are not going to Beijing tomorrow.明天我們不去北京了。B: Why not? Weare going to do some shopping there. 為什么不去？我們還要購物呢。

另外Why not…?句式中，not后面接動詞原形，省略人稱。①在一般現(xiàn)在時中，基本句型是：Why not+動詞原形+其它？=Why dont/doesnt+人稱+動詞原形+其它？例如：Why not go home with me? =Why dont you go home with me?你為什么不和我一起回家？——He is often late for school. ——Why not get up a little earlier in the morning?=——He is often late for school. ——Why doesnt he get up a little earlier in the morning?“他經(jīng)常遲到。“為什么早晨不早點兒起床呢？”②在一般過去時中，基本句型是：Why not+動詞原形+其它？=Why didnt+人稱+動詞原形+其它？如：

Why not have lunch at school yesterday?=Why didnt you have lunch at school yesterday? 昨天你為什么不在學校吃午飯呢？

Unit 6

12.【原句】Here are photos of me and my twin sister Liu Ying. 這是我和我的雙胞胎姊妹劉英的照片。

【解析】這里是以there或here開頭的倒裝句，若主語為代詞時，主謂不倒裝。如：There it is.它在那兒。Here she comes.她來了。倒裝句的謂語取決于主語，主語為單數(shù)，謂語就用單數(shù)，主語為復數(shù)，謂語就用復數(shù)。若主語為名詞，狀語提前時，使用完全倒裝（即Here/There等狀語+謂語+名詞主語）。如：

There goes the bell.鈴響了。

At the head of the queue was an old woman。

在隊伍前面的是一位老婦人。

There comes the bus. 公共汽車來了。

13.【原句】However，we both enjoy going to parties.

然而，我們倆都喜歡參加聚會。

【解析】however①作連詞“可是、不過、然而”，相當于but，不過二者不可同時使用。however表示一種較松弛的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，在句中位置靈活，作插入語可放在句首或句末，一般用逗號與句子分開。如：However, he did not seem to like learning English.不過，他似乎并不喜歡學英語。 ②作副詞“無論……怎么樣、不管……如何”，用來修飾形容詞/副詞，也可引導從句。如：

However cold it is, she is always the first to come to school.

無論天多冷，她總是第一個到學校。

enjoy“喜歡、享受某種樂趣”，后接名詞/代詞或動名詞作賓語，不可接不定式。另外enjoy還可與反身代詞連用，即“enjoy oneself=have a good/nice/wonderful time=have fun”過得高興、玩得愉快。如：They had fun in the zoo.=They had a good/great/nice/wonderful time in the zoo.=They enjoyed themselves in the zoo.他們在動物園玩得很開心。

14.【原句】We both like sports， although Liu Ying is more athletic than me. 我們倆都喜歡運動，然而劉英的體格比我健美。

【解析】although用來引導讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然……但是”，但不能說“although/though…， but…”，也就是說從句中用了although，不能在主句前加but，用了but就不能再用although/though，although=though，although是較正式用語，引導的從句多位于句首，though是非正式用語，引導的從句位于主句前后均可，當表示強調(diào)時用even though，不可用even although。如：

Even though I didnt understand a word, I kept smiling.

盡管我一個字不懂，我還是一直微笑著。

Although/Though he is in poor health, he works hard.=He is in poor health, but he works hard. 盡管他身體不好，但是工作很努力。

15.【原句】She is a little more outgoing than me.

她比我開朗（外向）。

【解析】本句中more outgoing是outgoing的比較級，多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞變比較級要加more,最高級要加most。如：more intellectual, most intellectual, more athletic, most athletic。如：Are you more athletic than your brother? 你比你弟弟強壯嗎？He is the more outgoing of the two. 他是我們倆人中比較外向的。

本句中的a little和much, a lot, a bit, still， even， far等可以用來修飾形容詞的比較級，表示程度，起強調(diào)作用。如：

My room is a little smaller than yours. 我的房間比你的稍小一點兒。

16.【原句】I think a good friend makes me laugh.

我認為好朋友會讓我開心。

【解析】本句是make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，是省略to的不定式。如：It makes me feel thirsty.這使我感到口渴。The boss makes the workerswork 13 hours every day. 老板讓工人們每天工作13小時。

make用作動詞“使得”作賓補的形容詞，表示某種狀態(tài)、方式。如：The bad news made him ill.這個不幸的消息使他病倒了。

make的常用詞組：make ones bed收拾床鋪， make money 賺錢， make ones way to往……走去， make it約定時間，做到按時到達， make faces做鬼臉， make friends交朋友， make tea沏茶， make a mistake 犯錯誤， make a telephone call 打電話， make a noise吵鬧， make a living 謀生， make room for給……騰出地方。

17.【原句】Its not necessary to be the same. 相同是不必要的。

【解析】句中it是形式主語，動詞不定式是真正的主語，句中結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is+形容詞+(for sb.)+to do sth.”,其中sb.為賓格代詞或名詞。It is+形容詞+for sb.+to do sth.此句型可換為: Its+形容詞+that從句，或To do sth.is+形容詞。如：

Its better for you to live alone for some time.=It is better that you live alone for some time.=To live alone for some time is better.

你單獨住一段時間更好些。

Its important to eat a balanced diet.=To eat a balanced diet is important. 均衡飲食是很重要的。

18.【原句】Paul is never quiet！He cant stop talking.

保羅從不安靜!他不能停止談話（一直在說話）。

【解析】本句中stop talking停止談話。stop doing sth.表示“停止正在做的事”動名詞作賓語。如： When the teacher came into the classroom, thestudents stopped talking and laughing.當老師來到教室時，學生們停止了說笑。Stop making so much noise!My father is sleeping.不要制造那么多噪音，我爸爸在睡覺。stop to do sth.表示停下正在做的事情去做另外一件事情，如：He stopped to talk to me.他停下手頭的活和我談起來。

另外stop還可構(gòu)成 stop from doing sth.句型，意為“阻止……做某事”。如：

The heavy rain stopped us from going out. 大雨阻止了我們外出。

一、跟蹤訓練：

1. ——Would you like to go boating with me?

——____.

A. Yes, Id love to B. Thats right

C. Yes, please D. Quite well

2. ——Can you come to my home to dinner?

——Yes, ____.

A. I wouldnt B. Id like C. I would D. Id love to

3. His father is very angry and decides to give him ____.

A. class B. classes C. lesson D. a lesson

4. 用too many/much too/too much填空

①There are ____ people waiting for the bus at the bus stop.

②Its ____ hot this summer.

③We have ____ meat to cut every day.

5. The students arent having any classes ____ this afternoon!

A. in B. at C. on D. ×

6. This woman ____ his mother.

A. maybe B. may be C. may is D. perhaps

7. ——____?

——Its Saturday.

A. Whats the date B. What time is it

C. What day is it today D. How much is it

8. Thanks ____ for your invitation.

A. lot B. much C. a lot D. lots of

9. Please call me as soon as you get to school.

同義句Please ____ ____ ____ as soon as you get to school.

10. ——What is this ____ in Chinese?

——We ____ it “Maobi”.

A. called, called B. call, call C. called, call D. call, called

11. I shall try ____ the question.

A. to answer B. answer C. answered D. do answer

12. 用whole，all填空

①I told him the ____ story.

②This ____ week will be out of class.

③He ate ____ the food.

13. Hi, Lin Tao!____. Here is a seat for you.

A. Come true B. Come across C. Come from D. Come over

14. Why not go out for a walk? 改為同義句

Why ____ you ____ ____ for a walk?

15. A: Lets not go to the restaurant.

B: ____? I am a little hungry.

A. Why not B. Why do C. Where D. What

二、跟蹤訓練：

1. We did ____ Mr. Hu told us and we won the first place in the

league at last.

A. though B. like C. as D. while

2. ——Where is Li Lei?

——Look!Here ____.

A. he has B. has he C. he comes D. comes he

3. ——I left my pen at home.

——____; use mine.

A. Here are you B. Here it is

C. Here is it D. Here you are

4. Some boys of Class One enjoy ____ music.

A. listen to B. listens to C. listening to D. listened to

5. 改錯：

My father enjoys to take a walk after supper.

AB CD

6. 改錯Although it was so cold, but he went out without an overcoat.

7. ——Do you like western food?

——No. The food of our country is ____ that of western countries.

A. rather good than B. much better than

C. more better than D. not so good as

8. The coat is ____ nice, but its ____ more expensive than that one.

A. much, much B. very, very C. much, veryD. very, much

9. The Yellow River is ____ the Changjiang River.

A. not so long as B. as long as

C. not long as D. longer than

10. Li Ming is good at playing football.

同義句Li Ming ____ ____ ____ playing football.

11.“Dont always make Michael ____ this or that. He is always a big boy, dear.” Mr. Bush said to his wife.

A. do B. to do C. does D. did

12. ——What made you so ____?

——The noise upstairs.

A. angrily B. angry C. happy D. happily

13. 翻譯：對我們來說今天很難完成這項工作。

____ difficult ____ ____ ____ finish the work today.

14. He was very tired. So he ____ a rest.

A. stop to having B. stopped having

C. stopped have D. stopped to have

Keys:一、1.A 2.D 3.D 4. ①too many ②much too ③too much 5.D ⒍B7.C 8.C 9.ring me up/call me up 10.C 11.A 12.①whole ②whole ③all 13.D 14.dont, go out 15.A二、1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.C to take改為taking 6.去掉but 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.does well in 11.A 12.B 13.Its, for us to 14.D