熟詞，你熟嗎？

劉金增　趙連東

請看下面兩道高考題：

1.The fact that she never apologized________a lot about what kind of person she is. (2008 山東卷)

A.says B.talks

C.appears D.declares

2.I began to feel______ in the new school when I saw some familiar faces.(2008 山東卷)

A.at home B.at heart

C.at will D.at night

第一題答案為A。say在這里不是“說”的意思，而是“表明，顯示”之意。句意為：“她從來不道歉，這清楚地表明了她是怎樣的一種人?！钡诙}答案為A。at home 這里不是“在家里”之意，而是“舒適自在，無拘無束”的意思。句意為：“在這所新校里，我看到一些熟悉的面孔后，不再那么拘束了。”

近幾年經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)類似試題，其中的熟詞意義不熟。《普通高中英語課程標準(實驗)》所給詞匯表中只給了單詞及詞性，這與以往的《教學(xué)大綱》是不同的?？忌鶈渭冏⒅匾恍┥~及短語，忽視了熟詞僻義。殊不知，熟悉的詞匯在特定文字中的取義，往往成為語句結(jié)構(gòu)的樞紐，意義重大，可以幫助考生把握作者的思想意圖，常常是解題的關(guān)鍵所在。因此，我們必須全面掌握詞義，不可淺嘗輒止。下面筆者對照大綱詞匯表，在多年的教學(xué)實踐中梳理了閱讀時常見并影響閱讀的熟詞僻義現(xiàn)象，供考生備考之用。

1.appeal to 呼吁

The government appealed to the crowd not to panic after the earthquake in Wenchuan，Sichuan.四川汶川大地震后，政府呼吁群眾不要驚慌。

注意：appeal to 后接 ones conscience/better nature/sense of justice等詞時，則表示“喚起某人的良知/正義感等”。

2.bridge v.bridge the gap (between) 消除(……間的)隔閡；彌合差距

It is generally accepted that communication is an effective way to bridge the generation gap between parents and children.人們普遍認為，交流是消除父母和孩子間的代溝的有效途徑。

3.call up 使回憶起，使想起；征召(某人)入隊、入伍

Jack was called up for the game against Japan.杰克應(yīng)召入隊，參加和日本隊的比賽。

4.celebrate v.贊揚，贊美

In their native Puerto Rico，local people celebrate coqui frogs.But in Hawaii，the foreign frog has been condemned as a harmful animal. 考齊蛙在他們波多黎各老家被人們稱頌，但在夏威夷，這些外來者卻被指責(zé)為有害的動物。

注意：be celebrated for 以 …… 而著名

5.claim v.索要；(災(zāi)難、事故等)奪走(生命)

She claimed damages from the company for the injury she had suffered. 她因受傷向公司索要損害賠償金。

The air crash on May 31 in Sichuan Province claimed 18 lives. 5月31日的四川飛機失事事故使18人遇難。

6.escape v.被忘掉；被忽視

It might have escaped your notice，but

Im very busy at the moment. 也許你沒注意到，可我此刻忙得不可開交。

7.put out 公布；感到惱火(通常用于被動語態(tài))

We were a little put out at not being invited to the birthday party. 我們?yōu)闆]有被邀請參加生日晚會而感到有點惱火。

Police have put out a description of the man they want.警方公布了他們通緝的那名男子的圖像。

8.sit v.參加考試

Candidates in earthquake-stricken area are allowed to sit (for) the college entrance exam in July. 地震災(zāi)區(qū)的考生被允許在七月份參加高考。

9.practice n.慣例，習(xí)俗

The boys make a practice of cheating at examinations. 這些男孩子們以考試作弊為常事。

10.say v.比方說，假設(shè)；表明，顯示；(用文字、數(shù)字、圖畫)傳達信息

Ten pounds of pure gold will not make so great a bulk as say seven pounds of gold mixed with three pounds of silver. 10磅純金的體積不如，比方說，7磅金子和3磅銀子的混合體積那么大。

The clock in the hall said it was 8：00.大廳的鐘顯示是8點鐘。

11.serve v.起作用，產(chǎn)生效果(后接不定式)

Nothing is so big that it is impossible to get over，and hurt only serves to make us stronger.人生沒有克服不了的事，傷害只能使我們更加堅強。

12.work out 成功地發(fā)展；(定期)鍛煉身體

Things have worked out quite well for us.事情的結(jié)果對我們很不錯。

I work out with weighs on a daily basis to keep fit.我每天舉重以保持健康。

13.observe v.遵守(規(guī)則、法律等)；慶祝，歡度

You must keep it in mind that you are a student in this school，so you should observe the school rules.你必須牢記你是這所學(xué)校的一個學(xué)生，你應(yīng)該遵守校紀。

Do they observe Christmas? 他們過不過圣誕節(jié)?

14.water v.充滿眼淚；流口水

Chopping onions always makes my eyes water.切洋蔥總使我眼睛流淚。

The smells from the kitchen made our mouths water.廚房里的香味饞得我們直流口水。

15.leave out 被忽視；被冷落(通常用于被動語態(tài))

All the others seemed to know each other and I began to feel left out. 其他所有人看上去都彼此認識，于是我開始覺得被冷落了。

16.when conj.考慮到；既然；雖然；盡管；如果

Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already? 既然你已經(jīng)有了這么好的工作，為什么還要找新的工作?

They kept digging when they must have known there was no hope. 他們明知道沒有希望，但還是不停地挖。

17.while conj.雖然，盡管(用于句首)

While I am willing to help，I do not have much time available. 盡管我愿意幫忙，但是沒多少時間。

18.address 對……說話；向……致意

He addressed his complaints to the manager. 他向經(jīng)理訴了苦。

19.arrest 吸引

Marys beauty arrests many eyes.瑪麗的美貌吸引了眾多的目光。

20.attend (to) 料理，處理，照顧

Youd better attend to the children first—they need their breakfast.你最好還是先去照料孩子——他們要吃早餐。

21.check 使突然停止；制止

We should check the spread of the disease.我們應(yīng)該阻止疾病的蔓延。

22.command 值得，應(yīng)得；俯臨，俯瞰

His bravery commands our respect.他的勇氣博得了我們的尊敬。

His house commands a fine view of the town.從他家可以俯瞰鎮(zhèn)上的美景。

23.count 值得考慮；有重要意義

He is the only person that really counts.他是唯一有影響的人。

24.credit 把……歸因于

Miraculous powers are credited to relics.人們認為這些早期遺物具有神奇的力量。

25.cross 脾氣壞的；易怒的

She is rather cross now.她現(xiàn)在脾氣不太好。

26.hit 成功而風(fēng)行一時的事物

The new record is a big hit. 這張新唱片非常成功。

27.invite 吸引；招致(麻煩等)

Leaving the window open is just inviting the thief to enter.窗戶不關(guān)簡直就是引賊入室。

28.might 力量；能力；威力

I pushed the car with all my might.我使盡全力來推車。

29.minute 微小的；細小的；極少的

The wound was full of minute pieces of glass.傷口里滿是細小的玻璃渣。

30.novel 新奇的；新穎的

a novel idea/suggestion 新奇的想法/建議

31.particular (過分)講究的；挑剔的

She is particular about what she wears.她對穿著很講究。

32.sound 健康的；健全的；完好的

He is of sound mind and body.他身心健康。

33.spare (常與否定詞連用)節(jié)約；吝惜

He spared no efforts on his studies.他在研究方面不遺余力。

34.subject 使遭受；使經(jīng)受；使服從

He subjected us to great suffering.他使我們遭受了極大的痛苦。

35.value 尊重；重視

Ive always valued your advice.我一向重視你的意見。

36.wage 進行；開始；開展(戰(zhàn)爭、運動等)

wage a war on/against crime 展開反對犯罪的斗爭

37.want 欠缺；缺乏

She wants the courage to tell him the truth. 她缺乏告訴他真相的勇氣。

【鞏固練習(xí)】

1.What a great misfortune it is that the earthquake which happened in Wenchuan County，Sichuan Province has______ more than 70，000 lives!

A.dismissed B.claimed

C.occupied D.submitted

2.Can a letter______ the gap of time and lead a boy to the heart of his dead father in the earthquake?

A.bridge B.acquire

C.approve D.convey

3.—What time is it______ your watch?

—My watch______ ten thirty，but it______ten minutes a day.

A.by；says；loses B.by；says；drops

C.on；tells；loses D.on；tells；drops

4.Outside my office window，there is a fire ______on the right.

A.ladder B.escape

C.steps D.stairs

5.His phone number______ me，or I would have called him up.

A.left B.escaped

C.disappointed D.discouraged

6.The sight of the fruit salad made our daughters mouth______.

A.wet B.water

C.pour D.moisten

7.Students are not allowed to______ the final exam if they have missed one third of the lessons.

A.make B.sit C.offer D.go

8.The chairman was evidently______ by Jims words and glared at him for a few seconds.

A.put down B.put away

C.put across D.put out

9.Since I could not see anything through the microscope，______ my careful adjustment，I gave up.

A.for all B.above all

C.after all D.in all

10.People in other parts of the world have been______ Christmas for centuries.

A.observing B.attending

C.spending D.enjoying

11.Some adverts(廣告)，like the environmental protection advertisement，______ to our conscience or our desire to be worthy citizens.

A.adapt B.attach

C.appeal D.adjust

12.From then on，he played the game with a new confidence and power that quickly drew the attention of the national team， and he was______ to the majors(棒球聯(lián)合總會).

A.taken on B.checked out

C.called up D.turned out

13.As the popular saying______： “Laugh and the whole world laugh with you.Cry and you cry alone.”

A.speaks B.goes

C.tells D.talks

14.If you want to see a doctor，you fix a date with him ahead of time.That is a common ______ in the USA.

A.sense B.practice

C.rule D.reality

15.______ I really dont like art，I find his work impressive.(2007 山東卷)

A.As B.Since C.If D.While

16.If I were you，Id stop smoking and ______ on a daily basis.

A.work out B.work up

C.work off D.work over

17.We didnt plan our art exhibition like that but it______ very well.

A.worked out B.tried out

C.went on D.carried on

18.How can you expect to learn anything ______ you never listen? (2006 山東卷)

A.in case B.even if

C.unless D.when

鞏固練習(xí)答案：

1-5 BAABB 6-10 BBDAA

11-15 CCBBD 16-18 AAD★