Ｕｎｉｔｓ８—１０詞匯積累

趙　博

Unit 8

1.personal

解讀 (1)形容詞，主要有以下意思：

①個人的，私人的

PC is short for personal computer. PC是私人電腦的縮寫。

Its not moral to read the personal letter without permission.

未經(jīng)允許拆閱個人信件不道德。

②身體的，容貌的

Kids love his personal appearance. 小孩喜歡他的風度。

Personal hygiene is just as important as public.

個人衛(wèi)生與公共衛(wèi)生一樣重要。

(2)personally是其副詞，意思是“親自地，就個人而言”。例如：

Personally I agree with you. 就我個人來說，我贊同你。

She showed us personally around her university.

她親自帶我們參觀她的大學。

比較 注意下列詞形變化：

person(人)→personal(個人的)→personage(要人，名流)→personality(人格，人性)→personally(親自地)

應用 用personal的適當形式完成下列句子。

①Do you know that ____ at the gate?

②Uncle Joe met us ____ at the airport yesterday.

③That department sells goods for ____ use.

④——Whats his ____?

——Hes easygoing.

解答 ①person ②personally ③personal ④personality

2.company

解讀 名詞，主要有以下意思：

①朋友，同伴

I have company tonight. 今晚我有客人。

Can you judge one by the company he keeps?

你能從一個人所結交的朋友來判斷他的為人嗎？

②交往，陪伴

Im glad of your company. 很高興有你作陪。

Twos company, threes none. (諺)兩人成伴，三人不歡。

③公司，商號(常略作Co)

He works in Hongta Tobacco Co. Ltd. 他在紅塔煙草有限公司上班。

Mr Smith has three companies. 史密斯先生有三家公司。

注意 company作①和②意思時，是不可數(shù)名詞，作③意思時，是可數(shù)名詞。例如：

Ill receive a great deal of company today. 今天我要接待很多客人。

Many famous companies are located in development areas.

很多有名的公司都座落在開發(fā)區(qū)。

3.give away

解讀 (1)動詞短語，意思是“分配，分送”。例如：

I got a box of chocolates yesterday and I gave them away to my friends. 昨天我得到了一盒巧克力，我把它分給了我的朋友。

Now lets invite our president to give away the prizes.

下面有請我們的校長頒獎。

延伸 在西方婚禮上，新娘(bride)常由其父親交給(give away)新郎(bridegroom)。例如：

At the wedding, she was given away by his father.

婚禮上，父親將她交給了新郎。

(2)含give的常見短語還有：

①give up放棄，停止

My father gave up smoking. 我爸爸戒煙了。

English is so hard; I want to give it up. 英語太難了，我想放棄它。

②give out分發(fā)，發(fā)出(氣味、光、熱等)

The sun give out light and heat. 太陽發(fā)光發(fā)熱。

Ask someone to give out the leaflets. 叫一個人把傳單散發(fā)下去。

③give back歸還

Did you give back the knife to him? 你把小刀還給他了嗎？

④give in屈服，讓步

He will never give in. 他決不讓步。

Shes given in to my opinion. 她已(放棄自己的主張)接受我的意見。

應用 選擇填空。

①Liu Hulan would rather die than give ____.

A. up B. away C. in D. out

②Its an animal that can give ____ a strange smell.

A. out B. away C. up D. back

③You must ____ back the book to the library on time.

A. return B. give C. get D. some

④She was badly tired on the third lap, so she gave ____.

A. in B. up C. away D. back

解答

①C would rather die than give in寧死不屈

②A give out a smell 發(fā)出臭味

③B give back=return歸還

④B give up放棄，(中途)停止

4.instead

解讀 (1)副詞，意思是“代替，頂替”。

Shes ill. Let me go instead. 她病了，讓我去吧。

He didnt answer his fathers question, instead he asked him why.

他沒回答父親的提問，相反他問他為什么。

(2)常用搭配instead of。例如：

Father bought me a T-shirt instead of a waist.

爸爸沒給我買背心而買了一件T恤衫。

My little brother is always playing after school instead of doing his homework. 放學之后，我弟弟老是玩而不做自己的功課。

比較 instead of與in place of都是“代替”的意思，但前者指“用甲而不用乙”，除“代替”意思外，還有對乙作否定的意味，所以可以譯為“不”；后者是指“以甲代乙”。例如：

In making this pizza, we use olives instead of onions.

做這個比薩餅，我們用橄欖，不用洋蔥。

In making this pizza, we use olives in place of onions.

做這個比薩餅，我們用橄欖替代了洋蔥。(原來是用洋蔥的)

應用 指出下列句子中的錯誤，并在后面橫線上改正。

①Mr Zhang is ill, so Ill instead his class. ( )____

A BCD

②Erik is going to water flowers instead Emily. ( )____

A BCD

③Taking exercise makes you look younger instead of look older.

A B CD

( )____

④In warm weather Old Henry often reads under a tree instead in the

ABCD

library. ( )____

解答

①C→take 沒有謂語，instead副詞，不能獨立作謂語。

②D→instead of 只有介詞后才能接賓語。

③D→older instead of可以接形容詞。

④D→instead of instead of可以接介詞短語。

Unit 9

5.neither

解讀 (1)neither意思是“(兩者中)沒有一個”，它有三種詞性：

①代詞

They gave me two books, but neither was funny.

他們給了我兩本書，可沒有一本有趣。

Sorry, I know neither of the twins. 對不起，我不認識那雙胞胎。

②形容詞

Neither answer is right. 兩個答案沒有一個正確。

Neither his parents like classic music. 他的父母都不喜歡古典音樂。

③(與nor組成neither…nor)連詞

Neither you nor I am new here. 你我都不是新來的。

I like neither pop music nor soap operas.

我既不愛流行音樂，也不喜歡肥皂劇。

警示 ①neither本身就是否定詞，因此一般不再與not連用。例如：

She didnt enjoy neither movie. 應改為：She enjoyed neither movie. (兩部電影她都不喜歡。）

neither只能用于表示“兩者”關系。

②與neither相關也表示“兩者關系”的詞還有both， either,表示“三者或以上關系”的詞有all, no, none和any等。它們的意義與用法見下表；

例如：

Both my parents work as doctors in Childrens Hospital.

我爸媽都是兒童醫(yī)院的醫(yī)生。

When it snows in winter, the fields are all white.

冬天下雪時，大地都變白了。

None of us in Grade Eight failed the math exam.

數(shù)學考試，我們八年級學生沒有一個人不及格。

There are many trees on either side of the street.

大街兩旁都種有很多樹。

Many visitors came to our school, but I didnt know any (of them).

很多人來我們學校參觀，可我一個也不認識。

應用 選擇填空。

①Neither you nor he ____ seen the movie.

A. have B. has C. havent D. hasnt

②On ____ sides of the river are all kinds of flowers.

A. all B. any C. both D. either

③Hi, mum and dad, Ive some good news for ____.

A. you both B. you all C. both you D. all you

④____ Ill have to do ____ to wait!

A. Any, are B. Either, is C. Both, are D. All, is

⑤——Which would you like to drink, tea or coffee?

——____, just some purified water(純凈水).

A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither

⑥——Did you get all the answers right, Claudia?

——Sorry, I got ____ right.

A. none B. all C. no D. any

解答

①B “neither…nor…連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與它最鄰近的一個主語一致。

②C “河的兩邊”，sides是復數(shù)形式。

③A 表示“兩者關系”。you both中的both作you的同位語，它也說成both of you。

④D all指代“一件事情”，即Ill have to do,所以看作單數(shù)形式。

⑤D 表示“兩者關系”的否定。

⑥A 表示“三者或三者以上的關系”的否定，并且作賓語，所以用代詞none。no是形容詞。

6.more than

解讀 more than的用法可分為兩類：

①作副詞，相當于over或above，意思是“多于，超過”，表示程度或數(shù)量。例如：

Ive got more than twenty snow globes so far.

截至目前，我已經(jīng)有二十多個雪花玻璃球。

More than one student said so. 不止一個學生這么說。

警示 more than one后要接單數(shù)名詞，作主語，看作單數(shù)形式。例如：

Theres more than one American to visit our school.

不止一個美國人要來我們學校參觀。

其反義詞為less than(不足，少于)。例如：

I think your father is less than fifty. 我想你爸爸不到五十歲。

②寫成more…than…形式，表示比較或轉折(常譯為“與其說是……不如說是……”)。例如：

In the reading-room there are more desks than chairs.

閱覽室里的桌子多，椅子少。

After a weeks military education, we all feel more energetic than before. 經(jīng)過一周的軍訓，我們個個都感到比以前有精神。

She is more a musician than a singer.

與其說她是一名歌手，倒不如說她是一位音樂家。

其反義詞是less…than…或fewer…than…。例如：

The man in the front seat is less important than the one in the back seat. 坐在前排的那個人沒有坐在后排的那個人重要。

You can see fewer people watch a volleyball match than watch a football match. 你會看到觀看排球比賽的人不如觀看足球比賽的人多。

應用 選擇填空。

①In 2004 Athens Olympics, China has won ____ than thirty gold medals.

A. less B. more C. fewer D. better

②More than one ____ left behind.

A. player is B. player are C. players is D. players are

③Here theres ____ noise and ____ people.

A. more, fewer B. fewer, more C. less, fewer D. fewer, less

④Now she looks ____ than she was before.

A. more healthy B. much more healthy

C. much healthier D. much healthy

解答

①B more than“多于，超過”，事實上中國在2004年雅典奧運會上奪得32塊金牌。

②A more than one后接單數(shù)名詞，并看作單數(shù)形式。

③C noise是不可數(shù)名詞，連詞and表示前后意思無轉折關系。

④C healthy的比較級形式是healthier。

7.way

解讀 名詞，有以下幾種意思：

①路，路途

Can you ask the way in English? 你會用英語問路嗎？

I caught a heavy rain on my way back home.

在回家的路上，我撞上了一場大雨。

Your pronunciation is a long way from being perfect.

你的發(fā)音還遠遠不夠完美。

②方法，方式

The best way to learn English is to speak it as often as possible.

學英語的最好方法就是盡可能地多說。

In what way can I help you, Carlos?

卡羅斯，我怎樣才能幫上你的忙呢？

③距離，路程

Its a long way from here. 那地方離這兒挺遠。

Marco Polo travelled a long way to our country.

馬可?波羅經(jīng)過漫長的行程來到我國。

④方向，方面

This way, please!請這邊走！

Its a good plan in some ways. 在某些方面，這是一個好計劃。

⑤其他固定搭配與說法

by the way順便說(問)一下

make ones way to… 朝……走去

Where there is a will, there is a way. (諺)有志者，事竟成。

比較 ①way表示廣泛的“路，道路”，或比喻意義“方式”等。

②street表示城市中的“街道，馬路”，兩旁一般有房子。

③avenue在英國指兩旁有樹的道路、美國指寬廣繁華的大街。

④road一般指鄉(xiāng)間的道路，兩側沒有房子。例如：

The street is quite busy, so our car can only move on very slowly.

大街很繁忙，我們的車只得慢慢走。

Go through Sixth Avenue, then cross a bridge.

穿過第六大街，然后過橋。

We came to a place where the road forked. 我們來到一個岔路口。

應用 指出下列句子的錯誤，并改正在后面的橫線上。

①“I dont know either,” answered Carmella by a careless way.

A B CD

( )____

②I think they must be on their road to No. 1 Middle School.

ABC D

( )____

③Its not politeto get in ones road.( )____

A B C D

④She thought hard, then found an idea out. ( )____

A BCD

解答

①C→inin a careless way漫不經(jīng)心的樣子。

②C→wayon ones way to在某人去……的路上。

③D→wayget in ones way擋住某人的去路。

④C→a wayfind a way out找到辦法。

Unit 10

8.look through

解讀 動詞短語，主要有以下意思：

①透過……看，看穿

Looking through the window, you can see groups of kids playing games. 透過窗戶看去，你可以看到成群的孩子在做游戲。

You cant fool me. I look through your trick.

你哄不了我，我識破了你的計謀。

②瀏覽，溫習

Im looking through Changjiang Daily for relaxation.

我在瀏覽《長江日報》來消遣。

Look through what youve learned before you go to sleep.

睡覺前溫習一下你所學的東西。

③仔細查閱

Mr Jones looked through a lot of newspapers and magazines.

瓊斯先生查閱過許多報紙和雜志。

The boss looked through her CV line by line.

老板一行一行地查閱她的簡歷。

拓展 look可以組成以下短語：

look around(四處看) look after(照看) look in(順便拜訪)

look for(尋找) look out(向外看，當心) look up(往上看，查找)

look on(看待) look over(檢查) look to the left(往左看)

look into ones eyes(盯著某人的眼睛)

應用 根據(jù)漢語意思完成下列句子。

①The man ____(環(huán)視四周) but found nothing.

②Lets ____(溫習) Units 1—10 for the coming exam.

③All of us ____(把……看作) her as our friend.

④If you dont know a new word, ____(查找) in a dictionary.

⑤“Please ____(照看) yourself,” Mum said to me.

⑥____(兩邊都看看) before you cross the road.

解答

①looked around/round ②look through ③look on ④look it up ⑤look after ⑥Look both sides

9.alone

解讀 alone有兩種詞性：

①副詞，意思是“獨自，單獨”。例如：

Women in the US are afraid to go out alone at night.

美國婦女在晚上害怕獨自一人外出。

We did the work all alone. 這活完全是我們自己干的。

alone有時作定語，放在被修飾詞之后，意思是“只有，僅僅”。例如：

This year alone, weve planted over 10 million trees.

僅僅在今年，我們就已經(jīng)植了1000萬棵樹。

Money alone cannot make you happy. 光有錢并不能使你幸福。

②形容詞，只能作表語，意思是“單獨，獨自一個”。例如：

We were alone in the forest. 在這森林里，就我們這幾個。

He is not alone in thinking so. 像這樣想的不止他一人。

比較 only也表示“只有，僅僅”的意思，但它與alone的位置不同。例如：

Only he didnt know that.

He alone didnt know that. 只有他一個人不知道那件事。

有時候，only與alone在具體語言中有細微差別。例如：

They alone sell pants for girls. 只有他們賣女孩穿的長褲。(沒有別人賣)

They only sell pants for girls. 他們只賣女孩穿的長褲。(不賣別的東西)

應用 用only或alone填空完成下列句子。

①Marie plays sports ____ in the morning.

②Dare you go ____ through the forest, Jenny?

③Now soccer is popular not ____ in Europe but also in America, Africa, Asia and Oceania.

④He had no friends or relatives(親戚) there; he was ____.

⑤In 2003 ____, about 12 million books on pets were sold out.

⑥____ his father knew where he had gone.

解答

①only 修飾時間狀語，only in the morning只有早上。

②alone 修飾動詞，go alone through獨自一人穿過。

③only not only…but also…不僅……而且……

④alone 作表語，意思是“孤身一人”。

⑤alone 后置修飾詞，意思是“僅僅”。

⑥Only 前置修飾詞，意思是“只有”。

10.least

解讀 (1)形容詞little的最高級，意思是“最小的，最少的”。例如：

They did the most work in the least time.

他們在最少的時間內(nèi)干了最多的活。

Henry is Mr Howes least one. 亨利是豪先生最小的孩子。

(2)least組成的常見搭配有：

①at least至少

Id like you all to read the passage at least twice.

我想要你們都把這一段至少讀兩遍。

It took her at least two weeks to make the survey.

至少花了她兩周的時間搞這個調查。

②in the least 一點，絲毫

——Are you afraid of a snake? 你怕蛇嗎？

——Not in the least.一點都不怕。

拓展 least可以與多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞連用構成最高級。例如：

This one is the least important. 這個是最不重要的。

應用 選擇填空。

①In those days, children did the hardest work but were paid ____.

A. much B. little C. more D. least

②——Dont you think they'll soon finish homework?

——Yes, ____ they've finished most of it.

A. at last B. at least C. at first D. at once

③——I think music is more exciting than art.

——I dont agree with you; I think music is ____ exciting than art.

A. more B. least C. less D. most

解答

①D 全句意思是“在舊社會，童工做最苦的活，掙的錢最少”。

②B at least至少

③C 由語氣轉折可推斷。