完形填空　“完義”為重

馮建國

08年湖北省八市聯(lián)考英語科試題的完形填空故事情節(jié)簡單易懂，然而卻設計精美，空空含語境，處處有玄機，讓我們見識了一篇真正意義上的完形精品。下面讓我們細細品味一下它吧。

I heard this story while in Vietnam. A bomb landed in an orphanage in a small village, killing two children and wounding one 8-year-old young girl, __41__ several.

Minutes later, an American doctor and nurse were__ 42__. They found the girl was__43__ injured and would die of__ 44__ of blood without quick action.

A donor(獻血者) with a__ 45__ blood type was required. But a quick__ 46__ showed that none had the correct type except several of the__ 47__ orphans.

The doctor tried, in English, to explain to their young,__ 48__ audiences that unless they could be__ 49__ some of the girls lost blood, she would certainly die. Then they asked if anyone would be willing to give blood to her. Their request was__ 50__ with wide-eyed silence. After several long moments, a small hand__ 51__ went up.

“Thank you.” The nurse said sweetly, “What is your name?”

“Heng,”__ 52__ the reply.

Heng lay down and a needle got into his arm. After a moment, he__ 53__ a sob, covering his face with his free__ 54__. “Is it hurting?” the doctor asked. Heng shook his head, but then his__ 55__ sobs became a steady crying. They were concerned. Something was obviously wrong. At this point, a Vietnamese nurse arrived. Seeing the boys__56__, she spoke to him, listened to his reply and answered him in a comforting voice.

After a moment, the boy stopped__ 57__. Glancing up, the nurse said to the Americans, “He thought he was dying. He thought you had asked him to give all his blood__ 58__ the girl could live.”

“But why would he be willing to?” asked the doctor.

To this question, the boy answered__ 59__, “shes my friend.”

As the doctor__ 60__ it: Greater love has no man than this.

41. A. includingB. among

C. besidesD. except

42. A. called forB. sent for

C. called inD. brought in

43. A. heavilyB. seriously

C. hardlyD. greatly

44. A. lossB. lack

C. declineD. flow

45. A. fittingB. suiting

C. matchingD. comparing

46. A. examinationB. survey

C. checkD. test

47. A. woundedB. uninjured

C. livingD. dying

48. A. frightenedB. surprised

C. astonishedD. threatened

49. A. refillB. change

C. replaceD. donate

50. A. answeredB. reflected

C. welcomedD. met

51. A. bravelyB. quickly

C. slowlyD. willingly

52. A. madeB. went

C. gaveD. came

53. A. let outB. gave out

C. sent outD. cried out

54. A. headB. hand

C. fingerD. fist

55. A. loudB. constant

C. accidentalD. occasional

56. A. worryB. upset

C. dissatisfactionD. determination

57. A. sobbingB. smiling

C. cryingD. complaining

58. A. forB. and

C. asD. so

59. A. simplyB. regretfully

C. sadlyD. proudly

60. A. saidB. put

C. concludedD. stressed

【點評】此篇文章講述了一個越南小男孩在誤解醫(yī)生的情況下，仍然愿意冒死來拯救朋友性命的感人故事，小男孩固然幼稚，但他的舍己為人的高尚精神令人欽佩。

41. B。此題屬語境題。A、D兩項干擾性不是很大，因為女孩子不可能包含幾個人,應該反過來說才對；而女孩和幾個其他的都屬于受傷的，所以except 不對。此句意在說“在受傷的幾人中有一個8歲的女孩”，將焦點聚集在女孩身上，以便于故事情節(jié)的展開。

42. C。近義詞辨析題。本題最大的干擾項是 sent for “派人去請”，它著重于表達“去請”這個動作；call sb. in 是“找來”的意思，側(cè)重于“請來”這個結(jié)果。比如：A lawyer is often called in to write a will. 人們經(jīng)常找來律師寫遺囑。而從后面的句子They found the girl ... 來看，醫(yī)生是到達了現(xiàn)場的，所以選擇C。call for 是need 的意思；bring in 是“引進（人才、技術等）”的意思。

43. B。語境題。由后面的die 可推知應該是病得“很嚴重”。

44. A。語境題。最大的干擾項是lack, 很容易根據(jù)漢語“由于缺血而死”而導致錯選，而實際上die for / through lack of sth.才是常用搭配；并且在此情況下，應該是“失血過多”導致的死亡。

45. C。近義詞辨析題。fitting 強調(diào)尺碼和形狀是否合適；suiting強調(diào)（衣服、發(fā)型）的樣式是否合適；而對于輸血來說，只有相配的血型才可以用。

46. D。語境題。examination ，主要指跟健康有關的檢查；survey 指“問卷調(diào)查”，意思不吻合；check一般指“核對”；對于輸血來說，看血型是否相配，進行一下測試“test”,也是合情合理的。

47. B。語境題。輸血的常識告訴我們，未成年的小孩是不被鼓勵的，除非萬不得已。所以像受傷的，垂死的小孩更是不可能，而living“活著的”，語意包括了“受傷的”，所以不妥。

48. A。語境題，對于不諳世事的小孩來說，見到這樣一種戰(zhàn)爭的場面，“感到恐懼”應該是情理之中的事。

49. C。近義詞辨析題。refill意為“to fill again”, 后接容器詞，如refill the pot with water; 而replace 是 “替換”之意，“替換流失的血”才是合乎情理的。

50. D。meet their request with silence 指“請求遭遇了無聲”，也就是對于他們的請求，無人回應。

51. C。語境題。不要認為文章在歌頌小孩的“英雄”行為，就得bravely。對于一個認為要用自己的性命來換取朋友的性命的小孩來說，太不可能如此從容了，而slowly則更好地表現(xiàn)了孩子的內(nèi)心矛盾，畢竟他也是害怕的。

52. D。詞義題。此句為倒裝句，正常語序為The reply came ...

53. A。詞義辨析題。let out a scream / yell / cry to express loudly and violently大聲強烈地表達……； give out 往往跟噪音;send out習慣上加signals等內(nèi)容。

54. B。語境題。一只手在打針，另一只手當然就是“free”的。

55. C。語境題。小孩應該是從時斷時續(xù)的抽泣轉(zhuǎn)到持續(xù)的哭泣，occasional 偶爾的，時有時無的；accidental 意外的，偶然的。

56. B。語境題。upset “不安”, 而worry則顯太突然，因為小孩的憂慮是大家沒料到的，也根本就看不出來。

57. C。語境題。由sobbing到crying,非常吻合小孩哭泣的情形。

58. D。語境題。so引導結(jié)果狀語，表示“with the result that”。

59. A。語境題。小孩回答很簡單，只是說“她說我的朋友”，并無豪言壯語。Simply一詞非常吻合小孩的情況，也正是他這平淡的回答，讓我們敬佩不已。

60. B。詞義辨析題。此題課本高二下有原句。put it: to express sth. in words; 其它幾個詞則勿需it。

【應試技巧點撥】

近幾年高考英語試題在設計上突出語境，注重對學生交際能力和綜合運用英語能力進行考查。做這類題時應考慮全局，對文章的大意要全面把握，即“完義”；孤立地看挖空的句子或個別段落只會導致“只見樹木，不見樹林”的結(jié)果。所以要通過瀏覽全文，把握主旨，聯(lián)系上下文的語境來選擇答案。

1． 利用褒貶語境，判斷是非曲直

幾乎每篇完形填空的語境都有一定的褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理、情緒狀態(tài)和作者的寫作意圖，因此利用好文章語境的褒貶性就能對文章進行準確的邏輯判斷，從而在吃透文章并準確傳遞文意的基礎上推斷出每一空的準確信息，找出能反映語境褒貶性的標志性詞語或句子，大膽預測下文。

例1: Some companies add minerals to give the water a better taste. But the term mineral water is__ 47__, because all water—except specially purified water—contains minerals.__ 48__ must be made to tell people clearly what kind of water people are exactly buying: spring water, mineral water, or purified water. ( 武漢市2008年2月調(diào)考)

47. A. mistakenB. misunderstood

C. misleadingD. misreading

48. A. LawsB. Notices

C. ProductsD. Inventions

解析： 47. C48. A本篇作者對于將瓶裝的水稱為“礦泉水”是持反對態(tài)度的，因為幾乎所有的水（除特別凈化的之外）都含有礦物質(zhì)，據(jù)此商家的行為具有誤導性。所以，作者認為應該通過法律來維護消費者的利益。

2． 避免只重語意，忽略習慣搭配

完形填空題中有相當一部分試題屬此類情況，該類題目難度系數(shù)在0.5-0.6之間，是廣大考生丟分最多的題目，其原因是考生只注重語境，而忽視了詞匯的習慣搭配。所以考生在準確掌握語境的同時，更要注意所要填入的名詞、形容詞、動詞與空格前面或后面某個詞匯的習慣搭配，尤其要注意與介詞或副詞的連用特點。

例2： Compared with the cost of bottled water, the testing cost will be less expensive. Letting cold water__ 58__ for a minute or so before a drink or using it in preparing a meal is a good way to__ 59__ (limit) possible water pollution, especially if the water has been__60__ (off) for an hour or more. ( 武漢市2月調(diào)考)

58. A. runB. flowC. fillD. boil

解析：58. A。與瓶裝水相比，作者認為如果自來水可以飲用的話，還是用自來水劃算。在飲用之前將水龍頭打開，讓水流一兩分鐘。有的同學一想到“流”就選擇了flow,殊不知自來水的流應該用run,不然的話，為何將自來水稱為running water 呢？

3． 巧妙利用平行結(jié)構，準確判斷邏輯關系

平行結(jié)構指的是結(jié)構相同或相似、意思密切關聯(lián)、語氣一致的句子或詞組成串排列的語言現(xiàn)象。平行結(jié)構在形式上整齊勻稱，內(nèi)容上聯(lián)系緊密。命題者常從平行結(jié)構的句式相同或相似這一角度，利用其意義的關聯(lián)或?qū)Ρ冗@一特點來設空。高考完形填空常常會出現(xiàn)這樣一些平行結(jié)構，掌握這些結(jié)構極為相似的句子可大大提高解題效率。

例3： When you are going__ 1__ in life you tend to overestimate yourself. It seems that everything you__ 2__ (seek for) is always within your__ 3__ (reach). When you are going downwards you tend to__ 4__ yourself, mistaking difficulties and__ 5__ (disadvantages) for your own incompetence (無能).

1. A. forwardsB. upwards

C. downwardsD. backwards

4. A. overestimateB. estimate

C. ignoreD. underestimate

解析：答題的關鍵在于看出這兩句是排比句。第1題，后面講到downwards, 并列對稱，前面就應該用upwards; 第4題，前面講的是overestimate, 后面當人處于downwards 時，當然就是underestimate了。雖然這些詞看似超綱，實則不然，它能考查一個學生靈活運用所學的能力以及完整的語意理解能力。