新目標八年級（下）Ｕｎｉｔｓ６—７句子解密

謝　昊

1.Alison was the first one to skate, and has been skating for the whole five hours.

阿里森是第一個開始滑冰的，到現(xiàn)在一直滑了整整五個小時。

解讀 (1)“be the+序數(shù)詞+to do sth.”是第幾個做某事的。例如:

Im the oldest in my family, so Im the last one to take a shower.

我在家里年齡最大，所以我是最后一個淋浴。

Ellen is always the first one to come to school and the last to leave in our class.

在我們班上，伊倫總是第一個到校，最后一個離校。

Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats.

婦女和兒童是第一批登上救生船的。

(2)whole主要用法有：

①常與定冠詞、物主代詞等連用，修飾單數(shù)名詞，意思是“全部的，所有的”。例如：

The whole country is getting ready for the 2008 Olympic Games.

整個國家都在為2008年奧運會作準備。

Thats my whole story. 這就是我的全部經(jīng)歷。

②修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，或與不定冠詞a連用修飾單數(shù)名詞，意思是“整整的，不少于”。例如：

Weve been waiting here for the whole 3 hours.

我們在這兒等了整整三個小時。

Theyll stay at our school for a whole year.

他們將在我們學(xué)校呆上整整一年。

須注意的是：whole后面不能接專有名詞或代詞，如不能說whole France, whole it,而應(yīng)說the whole of France, the whole of it;但可以說the whole United States。

比較 all也表示“全部的，所有的”，但它與whole用法不同：

①all強調(diào)個體，后常接復(fù)數(shù)名詞；whole強調(diào)整體，后常接單數(shù)名詞。例如：

The whole world is expecting new medicine for AIDS.

(=All the people in the world are expecting new medicine for AIDS.)

全世界都在企盼一種能治療艾滋病的新藥。

②all要放在定冠詞、物主代詞等前面，而whole一般要放在這些詞的后面。例如：

All the students in the school are busy with the test.

(=The whole school is busy with the test.)

整個學(xué)校都在忙于考試。

下列說法是有差別的：

all China 全中國(指各地區(qū)或全國人民)

the whole of China 整個中國(指領(lǐng)土)

應(yīng)用 根據(jù)漢語意思完成下列句子。

①____ (整個城市) was busy killing mice.

②We stayed up for ____ (一通宵).

③Kari looked after her sick mother ____ (全心全意地).

④My brother has been out for ____ (整整三年).

⑤The machine is made in China; ____ (全身) is green.

解答

①The whole city ②a whole night ③with her whole heart ④the whole 3 years ⑤the whole of it

2.Hes been collecting kites since he was ten years old.

他從十歲開始一直收集風(fēng)箏。

解讀 since的用法除本單元“詞匯積累”中所講述的外，還要注意以下幾點：

①常與現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)或完成進行時態(tài)連用。例如：

Ive had so many falls since I began to learn to skate.

從我開始學(xué)滑冰以來，我摔了不少的跤。

The old man has been collecting waste bottles for recycling since last autumn. 從去年秋天開始，那老頭一直堅持收集廢瓶子供再利用。

②含since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語(或從句)的主句謂語動詞必須是持續(xù)性動詞。例如：

Mr Morgan has been away from home since two years ago.

摩根先生已經(jīng)兩年沒回家了。(謂語動詞用be away,不能用leave)

The lights have been out since the wind began to blow.

自從起風(fēng)，燈就一直熄著。(謂語動詞用be out,不能用go out)

③含since引導(dǎo)的狀語(或從句)的句子可以轉(zhuǎn)換為下列結(jié)構(gòu)：

a.Its+時間+since+從句

b.時間+has passed+從句

c.for+時間

例如：

Elen has been collecting snow globes since 10 years ago.

→Its 10 years since Elen began to collect snow globes.

→10 years has passed since Elen began to collect snow globes.

→Elen has been collecting snow globes for 10 years.

伊倫收藏雪花玻璃球已經(jīng)十年了。

警示 since作連詞，引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞一般應(yīng)是非持續(xù)性動詞，若是“持續(xù)性動詞”，則意思大相徑庭，試比較下列句子：

Two years has passed since I smoked. (持續(xù)性動詞)

我戒煙已經(jīng)兩年了。

Two years has passed since I began to smoke. (非持續(xù)性動詞)

我吸煙已經(jīng)兩年了。

也就是說，since從句中若是持續(xù)性動詞，那么時間計算應(yīng)從該動作結(jié)束時算起，“吸煙”的結(jié)束自然是“戒煙”。

不過在一些雙方都明白的談話場合或具體的語境中，since從句中用何種動詞并無多大的區(qū)別。

應(yīng)用 指出下列句子中的錯誤，并改正。

①Shes been watching TV since shes come back.

②Mike has been joining the music club since he was 12 years old.

③Over 4 months have passed since Erik began to listen to music videos.

④Wen Li has been making kites since about two years.

解答

①shes come→she camesince從句中常用一般過去時態(tài)。

②joining→injoin是非持續(xù)性動詞。

③have→has “時間”作主語，一般視為一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式。

④since→for “一段時間”用for引導(dǎo)。

3.Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster.

謝謝你送給我怪物雪花玻璃球。

解答 (1)在sending me the snow globe of the monster中，動詞send后接兩個賓語：指“人”的那個賓語(me)被稱為“間接賓語”，指“物”的那個賓語(the snow globe of the monster)被稱為“直接賓語”。間接賓語與直接賓語合稱為“雙賓語”。像send這樣能接雙賓語的動詞常見的有：

①give(給)，show(給……看)，bring(拿來)，pass(遞給),leave(留給),lend(借)， read(讀)，hand(遞給)，tell(告訴)，write(寫)，throw(扔)，wish(希望)，teach(教)和ask(問)等。例如：

Pass me the pepper. 把胡椒粉遞過來。

Could you lend me your eraser? 你能把橡皮擦借給我(用一下)嗎？

Remember to write us a note as soon as you get there.

記住一到那兒就給我們寫一封短信。

Wish you a merry Christmas. 祝你圣誕快樂。

②make(制作)，buy(買)，choose(選擇)，get(拿)，draw(畫), sing(唱), cook(烹調(diào)), find(找到)，do(干)，play(演奏)，order(定購)和save(節(jié)省)等。例如：

Please sing us an English song, Marcia?

瑪莎，給我們唱一首英語歌吧！

Yesterday Mum cooked me a large pizza.

昨天，媽媽給我做了一個大比薩餅。

Ill get them something nice to eat. 我將給他們弄點好吃的東西。

I hope you will do me a favor. 我希望你能幫我一個忙。

(2)一般情況下，間接賓語可以與直接賓語換位；若是上述第一類動詞后的雙賓語，用to連接，若是第二類動詞，用for連接。例如：

Dad sent me a photo last week.

→Dad sent a photo to me last week. 爸爸上周寄給我一張照片。

Could you make her a kite?

→Could you make a kite for her? 你能給她做一個風(fēng)箏嗎？

(3)下列情況下，直接賓語要放在間接賓語前面：

①當(dāng)直接賓語是一個人稱代詞時：

This is my pen, pass it to me. 這是我的鋼筆，請遞給我。

I like that pair of skates; could you buy them for me?

我喜歡那雙滑冰鞋，你可以給我買它嗎？

②當(dāng)直接賓語比間接賓語短時：

Ill draw a picture for the kids in Class 9.

我得給九班的孩子們畫一張畫。

Could you leave a message to all the comrades here?

你能給這兒所有的同志們留個話嗎？

警示 雙賓語換位時，個別情況也用其他介詞連接：

Id like to ask you a favor.

→Id like to ask a favor of you. 我想請你幫個忙。

Would you like to play me chess?

→Would you like to play chess with me? 你想和我下棋嗎？

應(yīng)用 選擇填空

①Xiao Sun, pass ____.

A. my knife me B. my knife for me

C. me my knife D. me to my knife

②I like your watch; can you show ____.

A. me it B. it me C. it for me D. it to me

③These flowers are all nice; let me choose ____, dear!

A. it to you B. it for you C. one to you D. one for you

④____ did they buy so many presents ____, Mr Xu?

A. Who, / B. Whom, to C. Whom, / D. Who, for

解答

①C pass sb. sth. 遞給某人某東西。

②D 直接賓語是人稱代詞時，要放在間接賓語前面，且用介詞to。

③D it無法代替flowers, choose后的雙賓語換位用介詞for。

④D buy的間接賓語是特殊疑問句時，在直接賓語后要帶相應(yīng)介詞for。

警示 當(dāng)間接賓語是特殊疑問詞時，不能在直接賓語后丟掉了相應(yīng)的介詞。

例如：

①Who did you lend it to? 你把它借給誰了？

不能說成：Who did you lend it?

②Whom are you writing the letter to, Frank? 福郎克，你在給誰寫信？

不能說成：Whom are you writing the letter, Frank?

4.His mother left a note on his door.

他媽媽留了一張字條在他的房門上。

解讀 (1)句子中的left(leave的過去式)意思是“留下，把……留下”，表達句型為“l(fā)eave+賓語+地點狀語”。例如：

Dont leave the baby at home by herself.

不要把嬰兒單獨一人留在家里。

Please leave your bicycle outside under the tree.

請把你的自行車放在外面的樹底下。

Oh, sorry!I left it at home. 噢，對不起！我把它忘在家里了。

(2)除上所述外，leave的用法還有：

①離開(表示“離開……去……”用leave…for…)

The children were leaving school when it happened.

出這事時，孩子們正在離開學(xué)校。

Well leave Shanghai for Nanjing. 我們要離開上海去南京。

②把……交給(表示“將……交給……”用leave sb. sth.或leave sth. with/to sb.)

His grandfather left him a large sum of money.

他爺爺留給他一筆數(shù)目可觀的錢。

Leave this to me or take it. 要么把這給我，要么你帶走。

③使……處于某種狀態(tài)(句型“l(fā)eave+賓語+賓語補足語”)

Would you please leave the door open for me?

請你為我把門開著，好嗎？

He left the cake untouched. 蛋糕他一絲也沒動。

④聽任

Nothing will happen if we leave all the things as they are.

如果我們不去動所有這些東西，什么也不會發(fā)生。

Leave him as he is!別管他！

⑤其他搭配

leave behind 忘帶，遺留，把……丟在后面

ask for a sick leave 請病假

on leave 休假

比較 表示“遺忘”的詞有forget和leave，前者接單賓語(用名詞、代詞、動詞不定式或動名詞作賓語都可以)，后者接“賓語+地點狀語”。例如：

I forgot that thing. 我把那東西忘了。

I left that thing in my room. 我把那東西忘在我房間里了。

應(yīng)用 選擇填空。

①The foreigners are leaving China ____ Japan in a week.

A. to B. for C. in D. at

②Im sorry I ____ my key in the classroom.

A. leave B. forget C. missed D. lost

③Dont close the window; just ____ it open!

A. make B. try C. push D. leave

④Take care not to leave anything ____.

A. away B. off C. for D. behind

解答

①B leave…for…離開……前往……

②A leave sth. sw.把……遺忘在……

③D “l(fā)eave+賓語+賓補” 讓……處于……狀態(tài)

④D leave behind 忘帶