閱讀理解精練

和寶君　楊樹根

A

【閱讀格言】

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.__成功的秘訣就是四個簡單的字：多一點點。

【語篇導(dǎo)讀】

美國科學(xué)家通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些無名指比食指長的兒童，長大后在大學(xué)入學(xué)考試中，理科的成績很可能會比文科好。反過來，那些食指比無名指長的兒童，他們閱讀、寫作和口語科目的成績要比數(shù)學(xué)好。

文章來源： 中國日報網(wǎng)站新聞

難度星級__***____字?jǐn)?shù)__334__第一節(jié)限時__6__分鐘

第二節(jié)限時__10__分鐘__開始時間______ 正確數(shù)______

A quick look at the lengths of childrens index and ring fingers can be used to predict how well students will perform in education tests, new research claims.

Kids with longer ring fingers compared to index fingers are likely to have higher math scores than literacy or verbal scores in the entrance exam for primary school, while children with the reverse finger-length ratio are likely to have higher reading and writing, or verbal, scores versus（與……相對） math scores.

Scientists have known that different levels of the hormones testosterone(雄性激素) and estrogen(雌性激素) in the womb(子宮) account for the different finger lengths, which are a reflection of areas of the brain that are more highly developed than others, said psychologist Mark Brosnan of the University of Bath in Britain, who led the study.

Exposure to testosterone in the womb is said to promote development of areas of the brain often associated with spatial（空間的） and mathematical skills, he said. That hormone makes the ring finger longer. Estrogen exposure does the same for areas of the brain associated with verbal ability and tends to lengthen the index finger relative to the ring finger.

To test the link to childrens scores on the Scholastic Assessment Test, Brosnan and his colleagues made photocopies of childrens palms and measured the length of their index and ring fingers. They used the finger-length ratios as a proxy(參照指標(biāo)) for the levels of testosterone and estrogen exposure.

The researchers then looked at boys and girls test performances separately and compared them to finger-length ratio measurements. They found a clear link between high prenatal testosterone exposure, indicated by the longer index finger compared to the ring finger, and higher scores on the math SAT.

Similarly, they found higher literacy SAT scores for the girls among those who had lower prenatal testosterone exposure, as indicated by a shorter ring finger compared with the index finger.

第一節(jié)__整體閱讀

1. Its likely that if a child with a longer index finger than his ring finger, he will probably get good marks in______.

A. math B. physics

C. chemistry D. Chinese

2.______ can make your index finger longer than your ring finger.

A. Estrogen B. Testosterone

C. Vitamin D. Vegetables

3. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. A child with a longer index finger than his ring finger will fail in the math test.

B. Girls with shorter ring fingers get higher literacy SAT scores.

C. Kids with longer ring fingers are likely to have higher math scores.

D. The length of the finger has something to do with levels of the hormones testosterone and estrogen in the womb.

【思維導(dǎo)航】

別忙著對答案哦，先檢查檢查吧！

1. 請注意核對第二段中所含信息。

2. 認(rèn)真閱讀第四段內(nèi)容。

3. 注意最后兩段的信息。

第二節(jié) 閱讀步步高

（一）詞匯拓展

1. 請利用構(gòu)詞法知識猜測如下單詞的意義：

literary (adj.文學(xué)的)—literacy (n.________)

expose (v.暴露）—exposure (n.__________）

photo + copy—photocopy (n.____________)

2. 請依據(jù)語境猜測第2段中reverse 的意義：

reverse adj.____________________

（二）句子理解

請分析文中黑體部份長難句子的結(jié)構(gòu)并試譯其義。

結(jié)構(gòu)簡析：________________________

譯文：____________________________

(三)語段、語篇理解

1. Whats the topic sentence of the passage?

____________________________________________

2. Whats the best title of the passage? (回答字?jǐn)?shù)不超過8個)

____________________________________________________

閱讀心得：__________________________________

請寫上一句鼓勵自己的話：______________________

B

【閱讀格言】

讀過一段優(yōu)秀的短文，像交了一個令你滿意的朋友；有朋友就有成功， 就有閱讀出色的你。還等什么，交朋友吧！

【語篇導(dǎo)讀】

本文講述了身體語言的分類，它與動物的交流方式、基因、環(huán)境等方面的關(guān)系，從而分析了身體語言的根源問題。

文章來源： http://navylee.yculblog.com/post.596630.html

難度星級__***____字?jǐn)?shù)__354__第一節(jié)限時__6 分鐘

第二節(jié)限時__10__分鐘__開始時間______ 正確數(shù)______

Body language is a broad term for several forms of communication using body movements or gestures, instead of, or as a complement to, sounds, verbal language, or other forms of communication. In turn, it is one category of paralanguage, which describes all forms of human communication that are not language.

Paralanguage including body language has been extensively studied in social psychology（心理學(xué)）. In everyday speech and popular psychology, the term is most often applied to body language that is thought to be involuntary, but in fact the distinction between voluntary and involuntary body language is often blurred: a smile or a wave may be given either voluntarily or involuntarily, for example.

Voluntary Body Language is less commonly discussed because it seems unproblematic. It refers to movement, gestures and poses intentionally made by the person: smiling, hands, imitating actions, and generally making movements with full or partial intention of making them and a realization of what they communicate.

The relation of body language to animal communication has often been discussed. Human paralanguage may represent a continuation of forms of communication that our non-linguistic ancestors already used, or it may be that it has been changed by co-existing language. Some species of animals are especially adept at detecting human body language, both voluntary and involuntary: this was the reason for trying to teach the chimpanzee Washoe American Sign Language rather than speech and perhaps the reason why the Washoe project was more successful than some previous efforts to teach apes how to dance.

Body language is a product of both genetic and environmental influences. Blind children will smile and laugh even though they have never seen a smile. The ethnologist （人類文化學(xué)者） Iraneus Eibl-Eibesfeldt claimed that a number of basic elements of body language were universal across cultures and must therefore be fixed action patterns under instinctive control. Some forms of human body language show continuities with communicative gestures of other apes, though often with changes in meaning. More refined gestures, which vary between cultures (for example the gestures to indicate “yes” and “no”), must obviously be learned or modified through learning, usually by unconscious observation of the environment.

第一節(jié) 整體閱讀

1. The underlined word “blurred” from the second paragraph probably means______.

A. easy to be seen

B. hard to be told apart

C. simple to be imitated

D. difficult to be learned

2. According to the passage, the reason why the Washoe project was a success may be that______.

A. the chimpanzee Washoe can be taught speech

B. apes can be taught how to dance

C. Washoe can understand body language well

D. numbers of basic elements of body language are the same in different cultures

3. Why does the author take the gestures to indicate “yes” and “no” for an example?

A. To give us the meaning of the two gestures.

B. To tell us continuities of some fixed action patterns.

C. To show environmental influences of the sign language.

D. To indicate genetic effects of the body language.

4. The last two paragraphs mainly talk about______.

A. origins of the body language

B. cultural influences

C. what the body language is

D. relationships between body languages and animal communications

【思維導(dǎo)航】

別忙著對答案哦，先檢查檢查吧！

1. 請注意短文第二自然段最后一句的內(nèi)容。

2. 作者在第四自然段中列舉Washoe工程是用來論證什么觀點？

3. 作者在最后一自然段中用表示“yes” and “no”的身體語言來論證什么觀點？。

4. 請注意短文最后兩個自然段的話題。

第二節(jié)__閱讀步步高

（一）詞匯拓展

1. 請利用構(gòu)詞法知識猜測如下單詞的意義：

refine (vt.改進(jìn)；改善；精煉；去除雜質(zhì))—refined (adj.______)

exist (v.存在)—co-existing (adj.__________)

voluntary (adj.有意識的，自覺的)—involuntarily (adv.________)

gene (n.基因)—genetic (adj.____________)

2. 請依據(jù)語境猜測第4段中adept的意義：

adept（in或at） adj.______________

（二）句子理解

請分析文中黑體部份長難句子的結(jié)構(gòu)并試譯其義。

結(jié)構(gòu)簡析：________________________

譯文：____________________________

(三)語段、語篇理解

1. Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?

________________________________________________

2. Whats the main idea of the passage? (回答字?jǐn)?shù)不超過10個)

________________________________________________

閱讀心得：________________________

請寫上一句鼓勵自己的話：__________

【答案與解析】

A

第一節(jié)__整體閱讀

1. D。推理判斷題。由文章第二段可知，那些無名指比食指長的兒童，長大后在大學(xué)入學(xué)考試中，理科的成績很可能會比文科好。反過來，對于那些食指比無名指長的兒童來說，他們閱讀、寫作和口語科目的成績要比數(shù)學(xué)成績好。__

2. A。細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第三段可知，雌性激素有助于胎兒大腦內(nèi)負(fù)責(zé)管轄語言能力的區(qū)域發(fā)育，并使得人的食指比無名指長。

3. A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第二段提到食指比無名指長的兒童文科比理科要好一些，但并不意味著他們理科成績不及格。

第二節(jié)__閱讀步步高

（一）詞匯拓展

1. 閱讀和寫作的能力 / 暴露 / 影印本

2. 顛倒的，相反的

（二）句子理解

結(jié)構(gòu)簡析： 本句為簡單句。He said是插入語，語法稱之為獨立成分，Exposure to testosterone為主語，is said為謂語，動詞不定式用作主語的補(bǔ)足語，associated with為過去分詞短語做后置定語，用來修飾areas of the brain。

譯文： 據(jù)說胎兒在子宮里受到雄性激素的刺激，將有助于大腦內(nèi)負(fù)責(zé)管轄空間和數(shù)學(xué)能力區(qū)域的發(fā)育。

(三)語段、語篇理解

1. Kids with longer ring fingers compared to index fingers are likely to have higher math scores than literacy or verbal scores in the entrance exam for primary school.

2. Finger length foretells academic performance

B

第一節(jié)__整體閱讀

1. B。文章第二自然段談到a smile or a wave may be given either voluntarily or involuntarily，這說明voluntary and involuntary bo-dy language比較難區(qū)分。

2. C。第四自然段得知答案，Washoe這種無尾猿擅長于理解人類身體語言。

3. C。文章最后一自然段談到了身體語言的產(chǎn)生受基因及環(huán)境因素的影響。信息…usually by unconscious observation of the environment表明作者舉該例子是說明有些身體語言是受環(huán)境因素影響的，而本段前半部份談的是身體語言受基因的影響。

4. A。最后兩個自然段談的是身體語言的根源問題，選項D只是第三自然段的主題，不能以偏概全。

第二節(jié)閱讀步步高

（一）詞匯拓展

1. 有教養(yǎng)的，有禮貌的；精制的 / 共存的，和平共處的 / 無意識地，不自覺地 / 基因的，遺傳學(xué)的

2. 善（于）

(二）句子理解

結(jié)構(gòu)簡析：本句主干是由連詞but連接的兩個并列分句，前一個分句中包含了一個限制性的定語從句修飾先行詞body language，第二分句中有一個由冒號引出的用來補(bǔ)充說明名詞distinction的句子。

譯文：在日常談話和大眾心理學(xué)中，附助語言（paralanguage）這個術(shù)語常常用來指人們認(rèn)為是無意識的肢體語言；但是，事實上，有意識和無意識語言之間的區(qū)別往往是模糊不清的：比方說，笑一笑或揮一揮手這樣的動作可能是有意識這么做還是無意識這樣做呢？

（三）語段、語篇理解

1. Body language is a product of both genetic and environmental influences.

2. Body language and its origin.